Select one essay from the choices below. Remember, don’t just summarize or report, discuss and analyze! How we understand history doesn’t occur in a vacuum. Even if the basic facts are not in question, how we come to understand what the facts mean is very much a matter of our own socially and culturally situated viewpoints.

Discuss the impact of geography on the development of the early civilizations and their progression over time. Specifically compare the differences between those civilizations that developed around one river (Egypt and India) versus those surrounded by two rivers (Mesopotamia and China).
Compare the the cultural integration and expansion of centralized and decentralized governments. Identify how the structure of the government either improved or hindered the expansion, both politically and culturally, of the civilizations.
Essays should be

900-1500 words in length, double spaced
Include both internal citations and a works cited page using the Chicago Manual of Style, which Rampolla details and you can find online at the Purdue OWLOpens in a new window or the Chicago Manual of Style OnlineOpens in a new window.
Utilize multiple sources including Worlds Together, Worlds Apart, Mapping Historyopens in a new window and the Crash Course videos. (Please focus primarily on the course texts and keep supplemental materials to just that–supplemental.)

Introduction
The Mexican Sor Juana Ins de la Cruz is probably the most famous of colonial Latin Americas nuns. At her convent in Mexico City, she found the time and seclusion to devote her life to a wide range of intellectual pursuits, from philosophy, theology, and science, in literature and the arts. She wrote plays, poetry, songs, and devotional materials, and corresponded with other leading thinkers of her time. Even in her own lifetime, readers as far away as Europe and South America were familiar with her work.

Read the attached documents and answer the following questions:
1) What critiques did Sor Juana make about male attitudes towards women?
2) Identify some of the metaphors Sor Juana uses. What is their significance?

Introduction/Context:
In the first half of the course, we have spent a significant amount of time exploring the connections between Western civilizations like Greece and Rome with other civilizations in North Africa and the Near East. We understand that Western civilizations did not rise in a vacuum, isolated from the rest of the world. Now it is time to reflect on the relationship between the West and other parts of the world.

Question:
Between 500 BCE to 1204 CE, did North African and Near Eastern civilizations have a greater impact on Western civilizations like Greece and Rome, or was influence stronger from the West to North Africa and the Near East?

Instructions:
There is no single right answer to this question. It is up to you to design a persuasive argumentative thesis statement based on the lecture and reading materials from the first half of our course. You may choose to argue that the West and East mutually influenced each other to an equal extent. Regardless, your thesis statement needs analytical categories based on specific social, cultural, or economic historical dynamics discussed in our class. In other words, it needs to explain why. You cannot just re-state the questionyou need a thesis statement that refers to specific factors. Your argument must then be backed up by detailed evidence from both the lectures and readings.

Unlike the weekly short essays, you must have an introduction and conclusion in the midterm and final essays. These essays should be between 750-1000 words in Times New Roman size 12 font. You are required to include at least 5 key words from the lecture, as well as footnotes (Chicago/Turabian) to at least 3 of the assigne book 100 objects by  MacGregor or primary source readings.

Your assignment must meet all of the following criteria:

Includes your name and student ID number in the header
Be word processed
Be double-spaced
Be submitted electronically via eCampus
Have a minimum length of 800 words (excluding cited text/direct quotations & Works Cited/bibliographic info) saved and submitted as a .doc or .docx file
Be presented in paragraph format featuring complete sentences
Includes at least two formal citations from a credible journalistic source, government website, book, or peer reviewed journal utilizing APA formatting (Your textbook can be used as a supplementary source, but it would not count towards this requirement.)
Follow all of the conventions and rules of Standard Written English
Must be completed by 11:59pm, October 11th, 2020

For this writing assignment you will be required to closely follow the instructions.

Do not skip steps!!!!!

The purpose of this assignment is to allow you to identify one of your elected federal-level legislative representatives and the issues they have prioritized as your representative, then compare the work they are doing with your personal political beliefs. Do you care about the same issues that they do? This assignment will be scored out of 100 points, and will constitute 10% of your final grade in the class.

Step 1: Go to GovTrack Congressional Member Finderto input your address and determine who your elected federal-level legislative representatives are. You must choose to write on either your member of the US House of Representatives or one of your members of the US Senate. You must submit the name of your chosen legislator to me via e-mail by 11:59pm, October 4th, 2020.

Step 2: After selecting one of those federal-level legislators, click on his/her name. On that next page, you will find varied information about your legislator, including links to other websites you can use for research, as well as the link to his/her official website, which is found on the upper-right of the page.

Step 3: Go to VoteSmart List of National Interest Groups to locate an interest group that lobbies on behalf of an issue you care about. This can be any issue, from abortion to tax relief, as long as it is an issue that interests you. Navigate on the page to find an issue category (like Campaign Finance and Elections or Foreign Aid) that you are interested in. Then, under that category heading, select one of the particular groups in that category to research. {Those particular groups are located on the far right under the SIG Name heading.} You must select and submit the name of your chosen interest group to me via e-mail by 11:59pm, October 4th, 2020.

Step 4: Respond to the following list of questions in sequential order. Each question should be answered completely and numbered accordingly in separate paragraphs.

NOTE: This is not a position paper. You do not need to offer or support a thesis, but your answers are required to be submitted in complete sentences, and in your own words. DO NOT copy and paste from any of the websites you will utilize during this assignment. Part of the challenge of this type of assignment is to strengthen your ability to discuss political issues using your unique voice.

Question 1: What is the name of your chosen federal-level legislator and what is his/her office?  What is his/her race/ethnicity, gender, and religious affiliation? What political party does s/he belong to? Does s/he share your preferred party preference? How long has s/he been in office?

Question 2: On the www.govtrack.us website for your legislator, there will be a section labeled Bills Sponsored. Click on View All to see a list of that legislators list of sponsored legislation. Select and describe two pieces of legislation sponsored by your legislator during the most recent regular legislative session. (If your legislator has not sponsored a bill before, you should describe his/her two most recent co-sponsored bills).

Question 3:  Compare and contrast the mission and goals of your chosen interest group with the political beliefs and legislative priorities of your chosen legislator, providing AT LEAST two specific examples of either agreement or disagreement between them. Has your chosen interest group endorsed your elected legislator? What, if any, role do you think this interest group had in getting your legislator elected?

Question 4: Why do you think your chosen legislator was able to win their most immediately recent general election? In order to answer this question, you must include a description of the demographic makeup of your district (if you are writing about your US House member) or state (if you are writing about your US Senator). That demographic makeup should include race/ethnicity, gender, and the level of voting turnout. Was your legislator an incumbent officeholder prior to his/her most recent election, and was this a factor in getting elected? This information could be located on the web page of your chosen legislator, but might need to be gathered via other appropriate sources (see requirements above regarding citation sources).

Question 5: Now that you have this information, (please assume/pretend you are eligible to vote) are you more or less likely to vote in the next election? Why? Would you vote to keep this legislator, or would you vote for his/her opponent? Why? Would your cultural and family background affect your vote for this legislator? Why?

*Failure to submit your chosen representative and interest group to me by the required deadline will result in an automatic 10-point deduction for each.

Colonization was primarily an economic enterprise. Describe the development of 3 colonial economies. Who provided the labor in these colonies and for what kind of production? How did the development of these economies lead into the development of slavery and how was the institution of slavery formalized by the end of the 18th century?

I need 5 paragraphs on this answering the questions in how it relates to the US. History

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dYixkU0dA2M

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tQ9GCi4Gjso&vl=en

This film was made in 1928 by the time that the Soviets had already established power and just as Stalin was solidifying his role as the Soviet leader. As you watch it, write down some things that you see as being similar and different from the film you watched last week, All Quiet on the Western Front

How is the perspective in October different from that of  All Quiet on the Western Front? You posted last week about the motivations that different people had for going to war in WWI and how their perspective changed once they got to the front. Does this film give you any insight into why people were motivated to participate in the Revolution? Why do you think the perspective of this film might be a little different from All Quiet?

YOU select three of the follow questions and answer them to the best of you abilities. Please proofread, provide in-text citations, and a reference page for any information (you DO NOT have to cite my lectures, but you should cite the readings to receive full credit). Please post you answers by 11:59pm on TUESDAY.

Define and discuss the differences between vernacular and academic architecture. (2) How did the Enlightenment influence the physical (architecture) and social landscapes of the 1700s? (1) What are the two roles of material culture within a society? (2) Provide examples to receive full credit.
Discuss the stylistic changes to gravestones, how did they reflect ideological trends in colonial America. (2) In what ways did these new trends influence the ways that people saw themselves and others? (2). Provide an example (outside of gravestones) of these ideological changes as manifested through material culture. (1)

What was the Seven Years War, who were the combatants? (1) What was the Proclamation Line of 1763, and why was it important? (1) Who were the people that were living on the western frontier of the American colonies? (1) In what ways were these people portrayed both in the past and the present, and why? (2)
As discussed in lecture, explain in detail what were three reasons that led to the American Revolution? (3)? Why were taverns so important for the creation of a collective American identity? (1) According to Somerville, what was one of the reasons for such violence observed during the American Revolution? (1)
What was the Articles of Confederation? (1) What are two of the main purposes of the Constitution? (1) What are the three branches of the Federal government? (1) What are the differences between a subject versus a citizen? (2)

Here are the essay question.
-Why did Einstein write to FDR? What were his specific concerns?
-What did he claim was happening in Germany that prompted him to send follow up letters?
-Take note of the date of each letter. Does Einstein express greater urgency with each letter? If so, how and why?

There is a primary source for this essay: https://hypertextbook.com/eworld/einstein/

We cannot do any creative spacing or add in lengthy quotes. Address the letters by their dates when introducing them & keep them in chronological order

Papers should address the following inquiries:
a) Provide a summary of the reading
b) State the readings main argument (s)
c) What sources does the author use to support thesis / argument? d) What are the major questions and / or issues addressed?
e) What are the strengths and weaknesses of the authors study? f) Your thoughts / critiques on the readings

compare and contrast these two forms of government as they were practiced in ancient Sparta
and Athens and explain the lessons the American Founders learned from their knowledge of
these ancient city-states. Be sure to address issues of government structure and citizenship as
well as the strengths and weaknesses that the American Founders associated with the
governments of each of these ancient Greek polis.