Day: April 24, 2018

Paper instructions:
IP 4: CEO Compensation

Many readers have probably had a conversation in which a friend or coworker expressed amazement at the extremely high compensation of some chief executive officers

( CEOs). Inevitably, there is a question of how such huge amounts of compensation can be justified. A notable example includes the Walt Disney Corporation’s CEO who

received $ 203 million in one year. 1 Another includes $ 58.5 million to the CEO of U. S. Surgical Corporation. 2 Still another includes a signing bonus of $ 10

million and $ 180 million in stock options for the incoming CEO of Global Crossings who resigned after one year. 3 Even severance pack-ages for some CEOs are huge. The

former CEO of Mattel resigned after substantial financial losses in the previous quarter and was given a $ 37 million package and over $ 708,989 per year for the

remainder of her life. Graef Crystal, a noted critic of CEO compensation, has spent a great amount of time studying the subject. For example, in his study of CEO

compensation in health care organizations, in which there is great variance in compensation, he found no rationale according to organizational performance or size.

Further, he discredited supply and demand explanations and attributed CEO high compensation to other sources of power. 4 Some of Crystal’s conclusions are as follows:

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So is there any rhyme or reason to explain the huge variation of CEO pay levels? Short answer: Forget i t . . . There’s no justifiable theory on a shortage of CEO

talent to drive up CEO pay. But there is a creditable theory at work, the theory of CEO power. Pack the board with your friends, hire consultants who are good at

blowing smoke, float a lot of statistics about how other companies offer their CEOs a ton of money, and, voila, you, too, can make a lucrative sum no matter how you

perform, and see your pay rise at a rate faster than people who fill other important jobs in the organization. 5 On the other hand, there are defenders of current

levels of CEO compensation. Consultants Ira Kay and Rodney Robinson have argued that the pay of CEOs is justified by the performance of their companies. Further, they

have pointed out that academic research studies using time series methodologies provide the basis for such conclusions. 6 Even Crystal has found a small positive

relationship between performance, in the form of shareholder returns, and CEO compensation. He has found that such performance explains only 19.8 percent of the

variance in their compensation, however, which leaves approximately 80 percent to other factors. 7 Further, other critics have pointed out the vast differences between

the United States and other countries in ratios of CEO compensation to the average worker’s compensation. Reports indicate that CEO compensation in some U. S.

companies is now 200 times higher than that of rank- and- file employees whereas others indicate that the ratio has risen as high as 475 to one. When compared to other

industrialized countries, the ratios are much higher in the United States. 8 Because of the problem of excessive compensation, several recommendations have been

proposed. Some are very high- level policy recommendations, which would require legislation. One such recommendation is that the U. S. Glass- Steagall Act of 1933,

which prohibits bankers from sitting on their customers’ boards of directors, should be amended to permit such practices. Presumably, such bankers would be more cost

conscious. A radical policy recommendation is that the United States should move to a German style of code-termination system in which worker representatives sit on

boards of directors. In contrast, another recommendation is to avoid solutions that are based on legislation because they are likely to introduce even more problems.

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Still another is that tax deductions should be disallowed for companies in which the CEO’s compensation is 25 times greater than the average for blue- collar workers.

9 Several other recommendations are directed toward implementation at the organizational level. One is to link CEO pay to long- term profitability. A second is to put

more stockholders and workers on boards of directors. A related recommendation is directed toward members of company boards of directors. That recommendation maintains

that board members should ignore self- serving surveys that portray CEOs as underpaid in comparison to other CEOs. They also should be very skeptical of assessments

concluding that CEOs are mobile. Still another recommendation is to use succession planning to develop an internal pool of qualified CEO candidates and thereby avoid

seeking expensive replacements from the external labor market. 10 A final recommendation would attack the problem in a more indirect manner. In response to the

problems of excessive CEO compensation, as well as other factors, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) has proposed that stock option grants be reflected on

financial statements as a charge to earnings. 11 Without such a requirement, stock option grants to executives, which may eventually take on millions of dollars in

value, are never reflected in financial statements.

Questions

1.    Explain the potential adverse impacts on strategy implementation when the CEOs of companies receive extremely high compensation.

2.    Discuss the merits of the various recommendations for solutions to the problem of extremely high CEO compensation.

3.    3. What nonregulatory pressures are most likely to bring excessively high CEO salaries more in line with realistic levels?

4.    4. Evaluate the argument that pay for performance justifies the level of compensation paid to the CEOs noted in the examples.

5.    5. Evaluate the argument that the problem of excessive CEO compensation should not be addressed through legislation.

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Discuss the legal principles applicable to determine if there has been a breach of duty of care in negligence.

 Organisms in Your Biome

In this assignment, you will create a Microsoft PowerPoint presentation that exhibits the different organisms in your current biome.

Include the following in your presentation:

• Describe Your Own Environment

  Consider the natural environment or biome found in the geographic area where you currently live. For example, if you live in the Midwest, the natural biome for this area is the grassland. If you live in Alaska you are likely to live in either the tundra or the boreal forest. Describe the main features of the biome found in your geographic area. Include features such as the environment (moisture, temperature) and any topographic features that would influence the climate (mountains, large bodies of water, etc.).

• Identify Ten Organisms

  Make a list identifying at least ten organisms—at least five plants and five animals—that live in your biome, and describe how these organisms interact with one another. For example, is the relationship competitive or symbiotic?

• Describe Each Organism and its Environmental Needs

  In the speaker notes section in your presentation, briefly describe these ten organisms and the type of conditions—that is, moisture, warm temperatures, or a type of plant—they need in order to survive. Be sure to include the interactions between these organisms and the resources they need to survive. You may wish to use various tools available in Microsoft PowerPoint to visually depict these relationships.

• Hypothesis of a New Environment

  Consider a situation where the temperature of the climate was to increase by an average of ten degrees Celsius. Address the following:

  • How would these organisms survive if the temperature warmed up this much?
  • Would they stay or move to a more suitable environment?
  • Would a new species move in?
  • How would migratory species be impacted?
  • What would happen to your biome?

  Now, consider if your biome changes with the temperature shift. Address the following:

  • What types of plants and animals do you think would live there?
  • What will happen to the rarer species? Will they cease to exist?
  • Identify five plants and five animals that you feel would inhabit this warmer area.
  • Describe this new ecosystem and the new interactions that will most likely exist.
• Additional Topics to Include
  • How would environmental management practices change in your area?
  • Would this drastic shift in temperature impact culture and society in your area?
  • Would you still choose to live in this area after a drastic shift in temperature? Give reasons to support your answer.

Use pictures from the Internet to represent your chosen species, and give credit to these Web sites. Support your statements with 3–5 credible sources. Use the last slide of your presentation as a reference slide.

Develop a 10–15-slide presentation in Microsoft PowerPoint format. Apply APA standards to citation of sources. Use the following file naming convention: LastnameFirstInitial_M3_A2.ppt.

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1) How does the rediscovery of the slave burial ground in New York parallel the way American history has generally treated the story of Africans’ arrival and survival in this land?

2) Why did the Spanish turn to African slaves rather than other sources of labor?  What were enslaved people’s lives like in this period?

3) What motivated the Spanish conquests in the New World?  What were the expeditions led by men like de Soto like, and what roles did Africans play?

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4) Describe the early history of Spanish colonies in St. Augustine and in the Southwest.

5) How would you explain the Reformation and the counter-Reformation?  Was this a political, economic or religious struggle?

6) What were the origins of the Roanoke colony and what was its fate?  What does Wood suggest Roanoke might have become if not for the shipwreck off the coast?

7) How would you describe Africans’ lives in the Dutch colony of New Netherland and in the English colony of Plymouth?

8) What was the “terrible transformation”? How does the story of Anthony and Mary Johnson and their descendants, discussed later in this chapter, illustrate this transformation?

9) Why hadn’t slavery based on color developed in the English colonies before 1650?  How were conditions beginning to change by that year?

10)  What were the “large and gradual” changes that brought about the terrible transformation?  What were the three other ingredients that made this possible?  How did laws change?

11)  In chapter 4, how did law and treatment work together to support the expansion of slavery?

12)  In what ways are the stories of Job ben Solomon and Equiano representative of enslaved Africans’ experiences, and in what ways are their stories exceptional?  (Be sure you fully explain their stories!)

13) What kinds of work did Africans do in New World colonies?  How would you compare the work of men and women?

14) How would you describe the nature of Indian-African contact and interaction?  How did Europeans respond?

15) How did Europeans exploit Africans’ knowledge, especially in the development of South Carolina?

16) Explain how each of the following played a role in the development of a recognizably African American culture: family, music, language, clothing, hairstyle, and religion.

17) In what ways, besides armed rebellion, did enslaved people resist their enslavement?

18) How successful were attempts at rebellion in this period?  Give specific examples.

19) How did enslaved people attempt to take advantage of war between European nations?  How did the end of the French and Indian War in 1762-63 affect colonists, enslaved people and Indians?

20) How would you describe the series of events that led to the American Revolution?

21) Explain the role of each of the following in black people’s struggle for freedom during the Revolutionary era: Crispus Attucks, the Somerset case, and Dunmore’s Proclamation.

22) What did you think of this book?  What did you learn from it?  Would you recommend I use it again in this course?

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Your answer should be in essay format, meaning you should submit a 4-5 page mini essays in a single document. Remember to answer in great detail and answer the entire question. Please write in the APA style and make sure you use the text and additional sources.
1.You are to assume the role of a senator or congressional representative in the state you reside in. As the governor prepares his or her annual budget, what areas would you like to see funded for crime control? List your top three areas (programs). Fully describe each area (be specific), provide justifications for this funding, and support your positions and appropriate reference to the literature.

Use the Internet to research one (1) developing nation of your choice. Your research should include an examination of the effects that war and peace have on the distribution of foreign aid.

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Write a three to four (3) page research paper in which you:

1. Assess the positive and negative effects that peace and war, respectively, have on the distribution of foreign aid in the developing country that you have selected. Support your response with concrete examples of each of the results that you have cited.
2. Analyze the specific actions that the leadership of the selected country has taken, through the use of its foreign aid from donor nations and international lending institutions, to relieve the severe problems caused by warfare.
3. Discuss whether or not the extension of foreign aid has successfully reduced poverty and the incidence of warfare in the selected country. Support your response with examples.
4. Use at least five (5) quality academic resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia, blogs, and other nonacademic websites do not qualify as academic resources. Approval of resources is at the instructor’s discretion. Resources must also be within the last seven (7) years.

When referencing the selected resources, please use the following format:

Internet Resources:

Author’s Name. (Date of publication). Title of the resource. Retrieved from website url.

Example:

Wuestewald, Eric. (2014). Portraits of people living on a dollar a day.Retrieved from http://www.motherjones.com/mixed-media/2014/04/living-on-a-dollar-a-day-photos-renee-byer-thomas-nazario.

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

• Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
• Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.

The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:

• Analyze how funding in the form of aid, investment, and loans moves from industrialized nations to the developing world to alleviate the problems caused by warfare.
• Use technology and information resources to research issues in sociology of developing countries.
• Write clearly and concisely about sociology of developing countries using proper writing mechanics.

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Toulmin Argument outline and analysis

Project description
The Reader is dating easier when it is conducted online? What are the advan-
tages and disadvantages of this approach? T H
A ‘former Hollywood agent, Christine Hassler is the author of the book. Twenty-Something.
Twenty-Ever3/thing.
1 always thought dating online what your friends think? And they are prob-
was for desperate, older people, but ably doing it toot,
new that I’m finding 1 Can“ meet 4 Think about it this way: what do
imybedy’ rm actually Consldehmg you gain by trying online dating. and what
it rnyselit Ami crazy or pathetic for
considering it? And I’m afraid to tell do you 1056 by not ”Y1_n3 it‘ BY riot attempt‘
my triends. Should I keep it a secret ing it. you get to remain safe behind your
to hide my shame? I just think I’1′I1 concept of regular dating, which by your own
303113 10 {€91 like 3 1°53‘ if lieu 136°‘ admission. has become undesirable. Or you
P13 that I met Someone mime‘ can try online dating and open yourself up
Oflim D“‘‘“3‘Ph‘‘b‘“’ 25′ A“““‘‘ to the possibilities. Just be cautious. Be smart
ear Onfing Da[mg-phObic_ and careful about what iniormation you post,
2 . It’s a bit scary, but true: human con- who YOU ENE Vo111’ D€f5oT131Co11l3CFiUfoF‘

nections are either replaced or initiated IIIHUDH Eo. afld Whfirfi and Whfifl YOU THEE?

b internet connections. We now live in someone for the first time I recommend

a different age of emails instead of letters, a’I”t€H100¥1 Co366 H1 a VEIY public place)-

text [messages instead of phone calls, and 5 A150, 01111118 dating lS]f1″[ only fO1‘ pEil;i1{:‘tlC
Facebook “mending” and ”pQki{1g” are seen or older people, so you can let that go. Here’s
as a real relationship bond. Everytliing we some insight from Adam Sachs, Co-fourldfil”
do from finding a job to finding a friend of the group dating site ignighter.Co1n: “I can
seems to have an online component, so no see how young people would. look at the
need to be ashamed for wanting to broaden corwentional online dating sites and think
your circle, for friendship or dating, by tal<- that going on one of those dates would make
ing advantage of the myriad of possibilities them feel like a loser or desperate. iwas once
brought to you by the world wide web-just like that too! There’s nothing organic about
don’t rely on it Completely. creating your own blind date. And there’s

3 The stigma against online dating, par- nothing fun about either. What’s natural and
ticularly for twenty-soinethings, is really fun 15 meeting new people in the company
lmfisulflse <?SP€C1a1ly because you are the of your social circle. That’s why we created
generation that founded socially networking IgT11ghter.Con1. It’s a groupetdgroup dating

15(1) glijllilltefgpcebook and Myspace. You are site. a way for you and your friends to meet
in Cu? H a Pgf 5011 to date. Someone to be another group of friends in an environment
Y 1 e an no one else s. so who cares that 15 safer, less awkward, and more fun.”
L-Dbigital Dating: DespL’i‘a1io1i or Necessity? by Christine Hasslcr, lrorn Hzlfiingrnrz Post‘, November 18, 2008. Copyright
2003 by Christine Hassler. Used by permission of [he author.

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1. Identify the recipient of the report. (To what organization will the recommendation be directed?)
2. Identify the topic of the report. (What product, service, or program will you recommend?)
3. Identify the purpose of the report. (What need or problem will the product, service, or program resolve?)
4. Identify potential resources that will be needed for support.
5. …….
   …..
6. Identify methods to be used to gather information. 
7. Identify criteria to be used to evaluate the information collected. (What factors will you consider to make your recommendation?)

• Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
• Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.

• Support ideas or claims in body paragraphs with clear details, examples, and explanations.
• Organize ideas logically by using transitional words, phrases, and sentences.
• Use sentence variety and effective word choice in written communication.
• Apply writing process strategies to develop formal business reports and / or proposals.
• Use technology and information resources to research issues related to selected topics.
• …….
  …..
• Write clearly and concisely using proper writing mechanics.