Background: 

Culture is not just a list of holidays or shared recipes, religious traditions, or language; it is a lived experience unique to every individual. As ECEC providers, it is our job to stimulate the intellectual development of infants and toddlers and, in this era, it is simply not enough to operate on the axis of “racial color-blindness.” To truly engage students, we must reach out to them in ways that are culturally and linguistically responsive and appropriate, and we must examine the cultural assumptions and stereotypes we bring into the learning environment that may hinder interconnectedness.

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Your willingness to examine your own possible biases is an important step in understanding the roots of stereotypes and prejudice in our society. Through the combined efforts of psychologists from Harvard, the University of Virginia, and the University of Washington, “Project Implicit” provides a research-based questionnaire created to measure unconscious or automatic biases.

To complete this assignment:

• First, complete the Project Implicit Questionnaire.
• In the discussion forum, generally explain your questionnaire results (to the extent to which you are comfortable) by answering the following questions:
  • Did your results surprise you? (If so, what was surprising about your results? If not, why not?)
  • Do you feel these results were valid and/or impacted by Western culture?
  • Discuss the anticipated challenges associated with biases and not validating the racial and ethnic identities of the students and families you work with.

Discuss how you can or cannot relate to their results and provide suggestions supporting how they may address their biases in their personal and professional interactions.

This paper is essentially a review of scholarly literature on a topic of your choice that is related to family communication, although the topic must be approved by me. The paper should be 12 to 20 pages long and the literature review should be exhaustive, which means that you should find and cite as much scholarly research about your topic as possible. This scholarly research should consist mostly of empirical research articles that you will find by searching appropriate scholarly databases. In general, you should avoid sources like textbooks, newsletters, magazines, etc. The literature review should lead logically to a set of unique, original hypotheses and/or research questions. How well the paper does this will primarily determine its grade. In essence, this paper is very much like the opening section, up to and including the hypotheses and research questions, of the scholarly research articles you should be reading to put the paper together. The key difference is that you will NOT be following through with an actual original research study to test those hypotheses or answer those research questions (at least not in this class Smile).

Format:

Papers must be engagingly written, well organized, grammatically and mechanically correct, and follow appropriate elements of APA style. (I strongly urge each student to either purchase or gain access to a copy of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th edition. You will need it for this class and for most others you take in our program.) As mentioned above, the paper should be approximately 12 to 20 pages long. It should be double-spaced throughout, including the list of references at the end. It should also include a title page with content and structure suggested by the APA style handbook. The paper must be written in either Times New Roman or Garamond font, 12 pt. size. Use standard one-inch margins on all sides.

Kozol (2010) argues that inequitable educational settings impact student academic achievement. Wardle (2013) agrees as he touches on many themes regarding disproportional learning environments and achievement for students who may be at-risk, including those from dual language and/or low income households. Considering the sociohistorical challenges that students must overcome to be successful, what are some of the challenges associated with school and learning for twice exceptional learners?

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Assignment: Paper

I. Content

1. Define and describe what it means to be a twice-exceptional learner. Give three examples of possible diagnosis for those who are identified as twice-exceptional (e.g., a student having both ADD/HD and a specific learning disability). This should be approximately one page.
2. Discuss some of the general challenges related to learning and school life that twice-exceptional students may experience that are otherwise atypical in those without exceptionalities. This should be approximately two pages.
   • Include general information on work ethic, strengths, academic, and social challenges.
   • How might those strengths and challenges be specific to the students in the examples you included in your description?
3. Analyze what the research says about twice-exceptional learners. This should be two to three pages. Include the following points.
   • The relationship between their achievement and school funding (low socioeconomic vs. mid-high socioeconomic school environments).
   • Are twice exceptional students more or less likely to be successful on high-stakes tests? Why?
   • How might their high or low scores impact educational funding for their school?
   • Outcomes of high-stakes tests, factors that contribute to outcomes, and the impact of these factors on achievement.
4. Reflect upon what you gleaned from the research and/or from your own experience regarding the current levels of support for twice-exceptional learners. Discuss any efforts teachers can make to positively impact twice-exceptional learners as well as why it is important to do so.

II. Resources: Include a minimum of three scholarly sources including, but not limited to:

• • The course text.
  • At least one recent article on funding and student achievement. *You may use the following article, also found in the recommended resources: Neymotin, F. (2010). The relationship between school funding and student achievement in Kansas public schools. Journal of Education Finance, 36(1), 88-108. Retrieved from http://krex.k-state.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/2097/12442/publisher%27s%20PDf.pdf?sequence=1
  • At least one recent article on testing and student achievement. *You may use the following article, also found in the recommended resources: Nichols, S. L., Glass, G. V., & Berliner, D. C. (2005). High-stakes testing and student achievement problems for the No Child Left Behind Act. National Education Policy Center. Retrieved from http://nepc.colorado.edu/publication/high-stakes-testing-and-student-achievement-problems-no-child-leftbehind-act

III. Formatting requirements

Your document should be four to seven pages in length, excluding title and reference pages, and should follow APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center including:

• • An introduction with thesis statement.
  • Definition/Description of Twice-Exceptional.
  • Strengths & Challenges.
  • Relationship between achievement and funding.
  • Relationship between testing outcomes and achievement.
  • Reflection & Recommendations (levels of support, teacher efforts).

Carefully review the Grading Rubric for the criteria that will be used to evaluate your assignment.

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Budgets are intended to address a number of different theoretical and practical purposes including management and control, communication to different constituencies, goals, past successes, philosophy of the public entity, and to explain the functions of the various departments, etc. Also, public administration professionals must be able to analyze the financial health of an entity by examining the budget.

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In an eight to ten page paper (not including the title and reference pages), assess how well available budget documents and auxiliary information address each of these functions on the municipal budget of your choice. The assessment needs to be supported with examples and information from the documents studied.

Focus of the Final Paper
In your budget assessment, you must complete the following prompts for the municipality of your choice:

Budget Structure:
•Explain whether or not the budget message presented an adequate overview of the entity and its financial position. Support your position.
•Determine if there are separate capital budget and capital improvement programs. If so, assesses what the budget tells you about the entity’s immediate and long range plans for development.

Service Area (or Program):
•Identify what service area (or program) accounts for the greatest percentage of the operating budget.
•Discusses if the budget provides information suggesting why this service area is the largest.
•Identify what category of expenditure (e.g., personnel, supplies) accounts for the greatest percentage of the service area’s budget for that service area.

Funds in Operation
•Determine how many funds the entity operates.
•Explain how these funds differ in terms of the sources of revenue.
•Assesses the fund balance for the General Fund and the various enterprise funds.
•Conclude whether the funds have been growing or contracting and whether or not the funds are adequate. Support your findings.

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  …..

Financial Analysis
•Describes and analyzes the indications of both financial health and financial dangers of the entity contained within the documents reviewed and what those indicators tell us.

You may use a variety of resources for this project and should cite a minimum of 3 resources. You will want to start with the most recent year’s approved budget. You may use accounting reports for information; however, you will want to base your budget figures off of the budget book, as accounting detail does not provide the line items for expenses such as personnel, ERE, supplies, and travel. You may also use department website information, other reports, laws/rules, a recommendation book if available may provide additional detail, interviews with city/department staff, or other relevant sources.

Writing the Final Paper
The Final Paper:
•Must be eight to ten double-spaced pages in length and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the approved APA style guide.
•Must include a cover page that includes:
– Title of paper
– Student’s name
– Course name and number
– Instructor’s name
– Date submitted
•Must include an introductory paragraph with a succinct thesis statement.
•Must address the topic of the paper with critical thought.
•Must conclude with a restatement of the thesis and a conclusion paragraph.
•Must use at least three resources.
•Must use APA style as outlined in the approved APA style guide to document all sources.
•Must include, on the final page, a Reference Page that is completed according to APA style as outlined in the approved APA style guide.

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There is an example essay, it has chosen Occupy Movement as a social movement and the movement was analysed using the social theories: Collective Behaviour/Mass Society Theory, Resource Mobilisation Theory and Political Process Theory.
Please choose another social movement and pick at least three of the social theories perspectives to analysis the movement that you have chosen.
Structure of the essay should based on the example essay. thanks 

You will be required to draft an essay which compares and contrasts two major theorists, e.g., Piaget and Vygotsky and their conceptual frame works for development (cognitive, social and emotional).