Day: April 24, 2018

Prepare: The topic of your essay needs to be a global societal problem from the following list: adult illiteracy, funding for General Education vs STEM in primary and secondary schools, minimum wage, oceans desertification, overcoming the digital divide, refugee (escaping persecution, war, or death) crises, species extinctions (modern), tax havens, Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP), universal statement of human rights (pick one), airport security, or wealth disparity. Review this GEN499 Sample Final Paper Guide for additional guidance on the expectations of this assignment.

Reflect: Based on your chosen topic Wealth Disparity, you will need to use critical thinking skills to thoroughly understand how this topic can be a global societal problem and determine some logical solution(s) to the problem.

Write: This Final Argumentative Essay will present research relating the critical thinker to the modern, globalized world. In this assignment, you need to address the following items in separate sections with new headings for each:
Identify the global societal problem within the introductory paragraph and conclude with a thesis statement that states your proposed solution(s) to the problem. For guidance on how to construct a good introduction paragraph, please review the Introduction Paragraph Guideline from the Ashford Writing Center.
Describe background information on how that problem developed or came into existence. Show why this is a societal problem, and provide perspectives from multiple disciplines or populations so that you fully represent what different parts of society have to say about this issue.
Construct an argument supporting your proposed solution(s). Be sure to consider multiple disciplines or populations so that your solution shows that multiple parts of society will benefit from this solution. Provide evidence from multiple scholarly sources as evidence that your proposed solution is viable.
Interpret statistical data from at least three, peer-reviewed scholarly sources. Do this by discussing the validity, reliability, and any biases; identifying the strengths and weaknesses of these sources; and pointing out limitations of current research and attempting to indicate areas for future research. You may even use visual representations such as graphs or charts to explain statistics from sources. Evaluate the ethical outcomes that result from your solution. Be sure to provide at least one positive ethical outcome as well as at least one negative ethical outcome that could result from your solution, and explain at least two ethical issues related to each of those outcomes. It?s important to consider all of society.
Develop a conclusion as the last paragraph(s) of the essay, starting with rephrasing your thesis statement and then presenting the major points of the topic and how they support your argument. For guidance on how to write a good conclusion paragraph, please review the Conclusion Paragraph Guideline from the Ashford Writing Center.
The Final Argumentative Essay
Must be 3,300 ? 3,900 words in length (approximately between 10 ? 12 pages; excluding title and reference pages) and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
Must include a separate title page with the following:
Title of paper
Student?s name
Course name and number
Instructor?s name
Date submitted
Running header with page numbers
Must include in-text citations from at least 10 scholarly sources. Be sure to integrate your research rather than simply inserting it.
Must document all sources in APA style as outlined here and here.
Must have no more than 15% quoted material in the body of your essay based on the Turnitin report. Reference list will be excluded from the Turnitin originality score.
Must include a separate reference page that is formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
Source Document Requirements:
Multimedia sources (such as videos) may be used, but no more than two such sources may be used. If multimedia sources are used, they must be authored and distributed by credible sources, such as universities, law schools, medical schools, or professors, or found in the Ashford University Library.
Government sources may be used, but no more than two such sources may be used. Examples include whitehouse.gov, state.gov, usa.gov, cdc.gov, etc. These websites can be used to make a stronger point about your proposed soluation within the argument.
Where print documents are used for source materials, those must be peer-reviewed, scholarly journal articles, and academically published books. Popular media sources (e.g., newspapers, magazines, television and radio shows, etc.) must not be used. Materials from advocacy groups (e.g., Greenpeace, Human Rights Campaign, National Organization for Women, etc.) must not be used.
Sites such as ProCon.org and Wikipedia must not be used.
Religious texts must not be used.
Good Critical Thinking Tips:
Your paper should include academic sources that explain multiple sides of the issue.
Your interpretations of the evidence should be objective and state the conclusions and theses presented in the evidence clearly and fairly.
Your paper should place the various forms of evidence in relation to one another and demonstrate why one form or perspective is stronger than the other positions that one could take on the issue.
Your paper should point out the limitations of current evidence and attempt to indicate areas for future research.
Writing Tools:
Before you submit your written assignment, you are encouraged to review the The Grammarly Guide: How to Set Up & Use Grammarly tutorial, set up a Grammarly account (if you have not already done so), and use Grammarly to review a rough draft of your assignment. Then carefully review all issues identified by Grammarly and revise your work as needed.

Using the LIRN, the University?s Library resources, find an article that covers a topic that you have studied in the course and provide a 3-5 page summary of that article.
This summary should be in (APA format) double-spaced, single-sided, Courier New Font, 12 pitch, 1 inch margins, with no grammar or spelling errors; APA includes a title page and a reference page at the end. The cover page and reference pages will not be counted in the 3-5 pages. You must cite your reference.

HOW DO YOU MEASURE DAMAGES? LOST INCOME OR LOST CASH FLOW?
By: Wagner, Michael J. Journal of Accountancy. Feb1990, Vol. 169 Issue 2, p28-33. 5p. , Database: Business Source Complete
In the burgeoning field of litigation services, one common role played by the CPA is as an expert on damages. As a general mle. attorneys are unfamiliar with the different ways to compute damages and normally leave it up to the expert to decide how damages should be computed. Moreover, the law itself gives little guidance to CPAs on the proper way to compute damages. Damage statutes usually don’t prescribe an exclusive way of doing it. Statutes authorizing the award of damages often use this kind of language: “Damages are to be awarded in an amount which will make the plaintiff whole” or “damages are to be awarded in the amount of the benefit ofthe bargain.” So how should an accountant choose between calculating damages as lost income or lost cash fiow to the plaintiff? This article explains the difference between the two methods and the factors to be considered when making a decision about which approach to use.
TYMS Of PAMAOtt The first consideration is typically the type of damages that are being computed. Damages may be in the form of out-of-pocket losses or lost profits. Out-of-pocket fosses are generally computed on a cash basis. Damages are the total amount of cash paid less any cash received. However, there are certain situations in federal class action securities litigation in which out-of-pocket damages are computed as the difference between what a security was purchased or sold for and what it was actually worth on that transaction date. This difference is attributable to the alleged fraud or misrepresentation that affected the security’s price. In these circumstances, the computation of out-of-pocket loss is not a simple cash basis computation but requires sophisticated econometric tech
MICHAEL J. WAGNER, CPA, JD. is a partner of Price Waterkouse in Los Angeles, Catifurnia. He is a member ofthe A merican Institute of CPAs MAS practice standards and administrution subcommittee ami the auditing standards boant litigation service task force. A coauthor wilh Peter H. Frank ofthe AICPA MAS Technical Consulting Practice Aid no. 7, Litigation Sen’iees, lie is a member ofthe California Society of CPAs.
niques to determine the value of the securities in question. For computing tost profits, there’s less guidance on which approach to use. The choice is really up to the expert CPA. Either the income or the cash fiow approach is valid and will be acceptable to the court. There’s no common practice among CPAs and often a CPA will use the approach he or she is most comfortable with. However, here are some factors to consider when deciding on which approach to use.
HOW MUCH IS BHNO CIAIMEP? One factor to consider is the amount of damages being claimed. Why should that make a difference? A large number of capital items may have to be purchased to reach the incremental level of sales or ser’ices estimated in the damage claim. Since capital items aren’t expensed on the income statement but, instead are depreciated over their useful lives, there can be a difference in the estimate of damages depending on the approach used. A simple example will explain this problem. Exhibit 1 on page 31 illustrates the results of using the cash basis and the income basis approaches to damages. It shows the amount of cash or income that would have been generated if the legal violation had not occurred. The top portion of the exhibit shows the calculation of cash basis damages over the three-year damage period. In year one of the damage period, capital items totaling $9,000 would have to be purchased in order to achieve the incremental revenue estimated in the damage claim. Therefore, under the cash basis damages method there’s a loss of $3,000 in the fu’st year. Under the income basis damages method, there’s a profit of $3,000. Looking at the total three-year period, the problem seems to resolve itself because the timing differences between the two approaches even out; both methods anive at the same amount of damages?$12,000. However, there still are two problems.
SHORHNINO THE TIMi FRAMl The first problem is explained by exhibit 2 on page 31. This exhibit is identical to exhibit 1 except there’s no third year. In this example, the capital improvements neces
JOURNAL OF ACCOUNTANCY, FEBRUARY 1990 29
COMPUTING DAMAGES
sary are the same as the first example? $9,000. The economic life of these capital improvements is the same as well?three yeai-s. The difference is that now the damage period is only two years rather than three years in length. Notice the difference in the total column. Now, under the cash basis damages method, damages total $4,000. The income basis damages method computes damages at $7,000. Obviously, the difference is the amount ofthe net book value ofthe capital improvement. The asset was put on the books at $9,000 in year one. By the end of year two, there was $6,000 of depreciation taken resulting in a net book value of $3,000. Subtracting the value of the asset remaining on the plaintiffs balance sheet from the computation of damages using the income method results in an adjusted damage figure of $4,000 ($7,000 – $3,000). I have used only one example ofthe many types of differences between a cash fiow statement and an income statement. Any accrual item irill lead to a difference between the cash fiow and income statements fora particular plaintiff. These include ? Accounts receivable. ? Accounts payable. ? Accrued salaries or bonuses.
? Accrued interest on a loan that requires no interest payments until maturity.
COMPUPOTY
Obviously, if the CPA were to attempt to model the plaintiffs entire financial performance assuming the legal violation had not occurred, all the balance sheet effects of the incremental business would have to be considered. It’s been my experience that many damage studies ignore the complexity of modeling how the plaintiffs balance sheet would change as a result of estimating the amount of cash fiow or income lost. It’s often more difficult and speculative to estimate some of the working capital changes than the revenue and expense items related to the plaintiffs incremental business. Unless all these complexities are estimated, there might be a difference between the cash flow method and the income method of computing damages. Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement no. 95, Statement of Cash Flows, should help the damage expert because the differences between cash flow statements and income statements will be available for the plaintiff for the periods before, during and after the damage period.
AT A GLANCE
? THERE ARE two basic approaches to damage assessment?the cash fiow approach and the income approach. Neither the law nor attorneys generally tell their expert CPAs which method to use. ? OUT-OF-POCKET LOSSES are generally computed on a cash basis, but for computing lost profits, the choice is left up to the expert CPA. Either the income or the cash flow approach is valid and will be acceptable to the court. ? THE AMOUNT OF DAMAGES being claimed is an important consideration because there couid be a large number of capital items that may have to be purchased to reach the incremental level of sales or services estimated in the damage claim. Any accrual item will lead to a difference between the cash fiow and income statements. ? A MAJOR PROBLEM RESULTING from the differences between the cash flow approach and the income approach is the discounting of future damages back to the date of judgment.
? NORMALLY. CPAs CAN EXPECT a higher present value of future damages under an income approach rather than a cash flow approach if the onty differtmce between the approaches is the depreciation or amortization of capitalized items. ? THE PROBLEM WITH the timing differences between the recognition of revenues and expenses between the cash flow and income methods also arises when calculating prejudgment interest. ? CPAs SHOULD NOT CONC’LUDE the income approach always will result in a higher estimate of damages than the cash flow approach because ofthe different timing assumptions between these methods. In fact, just the opposite might occur. The CPA damage expert should be aware of this possibility. ? THE LONGER THE DAMAGE period, the more the author prefers the cash basis approach to damages because of the better estimate of present value and prejudgment interest when they’re based on cash receipts and expenditures.
30 JOURNAL OF ACCOUNTANCY, FEBRUARY 1990
COMPUTING DAMAGES
Financing assumptions. My simple example of the difference between the purchase of the capital items and their depreciation on the plaintiffs projected income statements also can be affected by how the purchases are financed. If the capital items are financed by bon’owing all the money, under a complete analysis of cash flow there’s no net cash outflow in year one except whatever interest and principal repayments would occur in that year. In fact, under this assumption, the income basis damages might be lower than the cash flow damages by the end of the damage period? if balance sheet changes are ignored.
CAICUIATINO PmSiWT VALUl The second major problem resulting from the differences between the cash flow approach and an income approach is the calculation of prejudgment interest on the damage amount or the discounting of future damages back to the date of judgment. Exhibit 3 on page 33 illustrates the second problem, using the damage study in exhibit 1. In this illustration, I assume damages are prospective and the date of judgment is year zero. The exhibit shows the differences in the estimates of damages if the $12,000 of damages is brought back to a present value as of the end of year zero. It’s assumed in discounting the yearly damage amounts that they’re lost equally during the year, so a middle-of-the-year assumption is made as to loss for each year. Therefore, year one damages are discounted for one half of a year to the end of year zero. Year two damages are discounted for one-and-a-half years and year three damages are discounted for two-anda-half years. The discount rate is assumed to be 10% for all years. Using these assumptions, there’s a $756 difference in the present value of damage estimates between the cash basis and income basis approaches of calculating damages. Looking at year one under the cash basis approach, it’s clear the large negative cash outflow that results from the incremental capital improvement is given a lot of weight in the discounting process because it’s necessary to make this expenditure before any of the incremental income can be earned. Because this negative cash outflow is discounted for only one half of a year, it has a large negative present value. Under the income basis approach, this expense is spread out over the three-year damage period (the capital expenditure is depreciated), causing these costs to have a
EXHIBIT 1 A comparison ofthe cash basis and income basis damages methods (Three-yeat damage period)
Cash basis damages
Year one
Year two
Yeaf three Total
Inaemfiiira! lipemtmg cash flow IfKtementol copitol improvement
Cosh basis damages
Income basts damages
Incremenicl opera^n9 cash tiow Inuemental depretkition Income bosis domoges
S6,000 (9,000) (S3,000)
56,000 (3,000) 53,000
S7,0D0
$7,000
57,000 (3,000) S4,000
58,000
$8,000
$8,000 (3,000) 55,000
S21,000 (9,000) $12,000
521,000 (9,000) $12,000
EXHIBIT 2 A comparison of the cash basis and income basis damages methods (Two-year damage period)
Cash basis damages
Incremenrol operating tash flow Incrementol copttal impfovemenf Cash bosis domages
Income basis damages
IrKremento) operating cosh flow Intremenlol depteciction
Year one
$6,000 (9,000) ($3,000)
56,000 (3,000)
Year two S7,000
$7,000
s;,ooo (3,000)
Total
S13,000 (9,000) S 4,000
$13,000 (6,000) Income bosis damoges $3,000 $4,000 $ 7,000
lower present value due to the longer period of discounting?with a resulting higher present value of total damages. Novnally, CPAs can expect a higher present value of future damages under an income approach rather than a cash flow approach if the only difference between the approaches is the depreciation or amortization of capitalized items. This assumes that the capital expenditure is made with cash and is not boirowed. A number of other balance sheet changes also would tend to give a higher present value to the income approach over the cash flow approach. Examples include ? Increases in accounts payable. contittued on page S3
JOURNAL OF ACCOUNTANCY, FEBRUARY 1990 31
COMPUTING DAMAGES
‘ EXHIBIT 3 Difference in present value of damages between cash basis damages and income basis damages
Year Cash basis damages one
Incrementol operating cash flow S6,000 Inciemenfol capitol improvemenf (9,000)
Cash basis damages (53,000)
Present vfllueyeofOrtc 10% (52,860)
Income basis damages
Inaemental operating cosh flow $6,000 Incremental depreciation (3,000) Income bosis domages 53,000
Present value year 0 fa 10% $2,860
Difference in present value of damage amounts
Year two
$/,000
$7,000
56,067
$7,000 (3,000) 54,000
53,46/
Year three
$8,000
58,000
$6,304
58,000 (3,000) $5,000
$3,940
Total
$21,000 (9,000) 512,000
$9,511
521,000 (9,000) 512,000
$10,267
(5756)
EXHIBIT4 Difference in future value of damages between cash basis damages and income basis damages
Cash basis damages
Increnientcl operating cosh flow Incrementol capitol improvement
Cash bosis damoges Future value year 3 fdi 10%
Income basis damages
Incfententnl operating cash flow Incremental depreciotion
Income basis damages Future value yeor 3 fni 10%
Year one
S6,000 (9,000)
(53,000) ($3,807)
56,000 (3,000)
$3,000 $3,807
Year two
57,000
$7,000 $8,076
S/,000 (3,000)
54,000 54,615
Difference in future value of damage amounts
Year three
58,000
58,000 $8,390
58,000 (3,000)
$5,000 $5,244
Total
521,000 (9,000)
$12,000 $12,659
521,000 (9,000)
$12,000 $13,666
($1,007)
? Increases in prepaid expenses. ? Accruals of interest income. Conversely, some differences between the cash flow and income approaches might cause the present value of the cash basis approach to be higher than the income basis approach. If as the incremental business is estimated, it’s also estimated that accounts payable would increase, this would cause
the income basis approach to have a lower present value. The reason is because the expense is incurred earlier in the future period on the income statements than on the cash flow statements. Other examples include accrual of interest expense, salaries or bonuses.
PMJUPOMEKT IMTIMST The same problem with the timing differences between the recognition of revenues and expenses using the cash flow and income methods also arises when calculating prejudgment interest. Using the same $12,000 of damages outlined in exhibits 1 and 3, I computed the difference in damage estimates, assuming the end of year three is the date of judgment and that prejudgment interest is awarded at a rate of 10% per year compounded. This calculation is shown in exhibit 4 at left, using the same midyear convention shown in exhibit 3. also at left. The difference between the cash basis and income basis damage approaches is even larger here. Now it’s $1,007 instead of $756. This is because under the cash basis approach, the large negative cash outflow in year one earns negative interest for a full two-and-a-half years rather than being spread out over the two-and-a-half-year period under the income approach. CPAs should not conclude the income approach always will result in a higher estimate of damages than the cash fiow approach because of tfie different timing assumptions between these methods. In fact, just the opposite might occur depending on the assumptions made as to how the incremental business would be financed and what balance sheet changes would occur along with the changes in the income statement. The point here is there might be differences. The CPA damage expert should be aware of this possibility and account for any differences in the estimate of damages.
A PRiraHINCl FOR THi CASH BASIS Generalizations about litigation service engagements are difflcult because of the unique factual situations that arise. However, in my experience, the longer the damage period, the more I prefer the cash basis approach to damages because the estimates of present value and prejudgment interest are better when they’re based on cash receipts and expenditures. Although discounting future earnings rather than cash flow is common, it lacks the theoretical justiflcation of discounting cash flow.

Conduct online research for federal income tax brackets for the current year. Which tax bracket do you fit into for your gross household income? How close is your gross household income to the next lowest tax bracket? Create a list of possible deductions for your household. Are you able to reduce your taxable income enough to place you in the next lowest tax bracket? If not, what are some steps you could take to do so (this year or next year)?
Criteria:
The requirements below must be met for your paper to be accepted and graded:
? Write a minimum of 400 words (approximately 2 pages) using Microsoft Word.
? Attempt APA style, see example below.
? Use font size 12 and 1? margins.
? Include cover page and reference page.
? At least 60% of your paper must be original content/writing.
? No more than 40% of your content/information may come from references.
? Use at least two references from outside the course material, preferably from EBSCOhost.
? Text book, lectures, and other materials in the course may be used, but are not counted toward the two reference requirement.
? Reference material (data, dates, graphs, quotes, paraphrased words, values, etc.) must be identified in the paper and listed on a reference page.
? Reference material (data, dates, graphs, quotes, paraphrased words, values, etc.) must come from sources such as, scholarly journals found in EBSCOhost, online newspapers such as The Wall Street Journal, government websites, etc.
? Sources such as Wikis, Yahoo Answers, eHow, etc. are not acceptable.

Select TWO court cases (from different chapters) from the list below, and respond in writing to the case questions.
1. Henshel v. Clair County Road Commission (Ch 10, p 343)
2. Keith v. County of Oakland (Ch 10, p 350)
3. Adeyeye v. Heartland Sweetners (Ch 10, p 364)
4. Lichenstein v. University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (Ch 11, p 388)
5. Petty v. Metropolitan Gov?t of Nashville & Davidson County (Ch 11, p 369)

The requirements below must be met for your paper to be accepted and graded:
? Write between 750 ? 1,250 words (approximately 3 ? 5 pages) using Microsoft Word in APA style, see example below.
? Use font size 12 and 1? margins.
? Include cover page and reference page.
? At least 80% of your paper must be original content/writing.
? No more than 20% of your content/information may come from references.
? Use at least three references from outside the course material, one reference must be from EBSCOhost. Text book, lectures, and other materials in the course may be used, but are not counted toward the three reference requirement.
? Cite all reference material (data, dates, graphs, quotes, paraphrased words, values, etc.) in the paper and list on a reference page in APA style.
References must come from sources such as, scholarly journals found in EBSCOhost, CNN, online newspapers such as, The Wall Street Journal, government websites, etc. Sources such as, Wikis, Yahoo Answers, eHow, blogs, etc. are not acceptable for academic writing.

? Annotated Bibliography
Overview:
An annotated bibliography is a research tool that will help you to keep track of the sources you encounter while working on larger research projects. Generally, an annotated bibliography reflects an exhaustive search of a topic; for this class, we will treat this assignment as an introduction to the tool rather than to expect a complete bibliography.
This tool is related directly to a References page, except here, we follow each of your five citations with a brief (100 words or less) explanation of:
1. Who the author is and their relevance to the subject we are exploring.
2. Who the intended audience is.
3. How this citation relates or contrasts to at least one of our other sources.
4. How this source helps to further our discussion of the topic.
Through this assignment, we ask that you read the criteria for the Researched Argument essay (found in the week 6 assignment), choose a topic, and begin researching that topic (note that you should have already chosen a topic through last week’s assignment and discussion forum).
To receive full credit for this assignment, you must have five or more annotations in your bibliography.
This is essentially summarizing each source, so try to treat it as a tool to help you and others find their way through this topic.
An annotated bibliography should be on its own page. Please review the example here.
Checklist for Annotated Bibliography:
5. Does this bibliography meet the assignment criteria?
6. How does the formatting of this assignment look? Does it follow basic APA guidelines for a Reference page? (i.e. Times New Roman font, double-spaced, no extra spacing between paragraphs, first line of the citation flush left with all following lines indented, etc.?).
7. Are the annotations brief, clear, and informative? Do they avoid personal opinion? Do they act as a reference guide?
8. Imagine you are writing an essay about the same subject (you will be). If you came upon this in your research, how useful would you find this bibliography to be?
9. Do this bibliography contain at least five citations?

Apply what you have learned about locating, paraphrasing, incorporating, and citing relevant and reliable secondary source information to complete the following Assignment:
Substantially revise your Unit 6 Assignment and submit it as your Unit 8 Assignment, the Academic Essay. Be sure that your substantially revised Academic Essay meets the following expectations:
Establish and develop a clear main point about your topic that is original and insightful.
Address either a cause or effect of the change or controversy you are addressing, without taking a position or writing to persuade.
Organize ideas logically, demonstrate paragraph unity and connection of ideas through the use of transition devices.
Strengthen and support your ideas through the incorporation of an additional 2-3 relevant and reliable secondary sources from either the KU Library or published on the web.
Apply 6th Edition APA formatting to give credit to all source information and ideas, whether you quote, paraphrase or summarize these sources.
Utilize KU Writing Center resources to format the paper, including the title page, body pages, margins, in-text citations, and references page citations.
Follow the conventions of Standard American English.
This Academic Essay should be 2 – 2 and 1/2 pages long, double spaced, excluding title page and references page.

Overview
Create a 10?15 slide PowerPoint presentation that compares how different communities respond to crises, describes obstacles to providing health care services related to community crises, and explains current practices for providing health care services related to community crises. Recommend an evidence-based nursing response for providing health care services related to community crises.
By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following
Competency 1: Explain the factors that affect the health of communities.
Explain how a crisis situation affects community health.
Competency 3: Develop an evidence-based nursing response for providing health care services related to community crises.
Compare different approaches for responding to a community crisis.
Describe obstacles to providing health care services related to a community crisis.
Recommend an evidence-based nursing response for providing health care services related to community crises.
Explain current practices for providing health care services related to community crises.
Competency 4: Communicate in a manner that is scholarly, professional, and consistent with expectations of a nursing professional.
Write content clearly and logically with correct use of grammar, punctuation, and mechanics.
Correctly format citations and references, using current APA style.
Context
As in acute nursing, emergencies do arise in the community/public health arena. These emergencies can take the form of manmade or natural disasters. Health care professionals have had to increase their awareness of their duty to care during these situations. The need for planning and preparing for these possible events is being reinforced (Tomczyk, et al., 2008). Public health nurses bring specific skills to disaster response. Their roles can range from first responders to policy developers.
Reference
Tomczyk, D., Alvarez, D., Borgman, P., Cartier, M., Caulum, L., Galloway, C., ? Meske, D. (2008). Caring for those who care: The role of the occupational health nurse in disasters. AAOHN Journal, 56(6), 243?250.
Questions to Consider
To deepen your understanding, you are encouraged to consider the questions below and discuss them with a fellow learner, a work associate, an interested friend, or a member of the business community.
What would you do in the event of a disaster?
What information would be critical to have, to ensure appropriate care for your loved ones?
Toggle Drawer
Resources
Suggested Resources
The following optional resources are provided to support you in completing the assessment or to provide a helpful context. For additional resources, refer to the Research Resources and Supplemental Resources in the left navigation menu of your courseroom.
Library Resources
The following e-books or articles from the Capella University Library are linked directly in this course:
Jakeway, C. C., LaRosa, G., Cary, A., & Schoenfisch, S. (2008). The role of public health nurses in emergency preparedness and response: A position paper of the Association of State and Territorial Directors of Nursing. Public Health Nursing, 25(4), 353?361.
Kagan, P. N. (2011). Catastrophe and response: Expanding the notion of self to mobilize nurses’ attention to policy and activism. Nursing Science Quarterly, 24(1), 71?78.
Kane-Urrabazo, C. (2007). Duty in a time of disaster: A concept analysis. Nursing Forum, 42(2), 56?64.
Rebmann, T., Carrico, R., & English, J. F. (2008). Lessons public health professionals learned from past disasters. Public Health Nursing, 25(4), 344?352.
Rokkas, P., Cornell, V., & Steenkamp, M. (2014). Disaster preparedness and response: Challenges for Australian public health nurses?A literature review. Nursing & Health Sciences, 16(1), 60?66.
VanVactor, J. D. (2011). Health care logistics: Who has the ball during disaster? Emerging Health Threats, 41, 1?7.
Internet Resources
Access the following resources by clicking the links provided. Please note that URLs change frequently. Permissions for the following links have either been granted or deemed appropriate for educational use at the time of course publication.
Federal Emergency Management Agency. (2008, January). Emergency support function #8 ? Public health and medical services annex (ESF #8). Retrieved from http://www.fema.gov/pdf/emergency/nrf/nrf-esf-08.pdf
Lee, C. H. (2010). Disaster and mass casualty triage. American Medical Association Journal of Ethics, 12(6), 466?470. Retrieved from http://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/2010/06/cprl1-1006.html
Columbia University Medical Center. (n.d.). National center for disaster preparedness. Retrieved from http://ncdp.columbia.edu/
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). Emergency preparedness and response: Preparation and planning. Retrieved from http://emergency.cdc.gov/planning/
Ward, J. (2012, November 28). Guidelines for nurses: How to prepare for a natural disaster. Retrieved from http://www.nursetogether.com/guidelines-nurses-how-prepare-natural-disaster
Maurer, F. A., & Smith, C. M. (2013). Community/public health nursing practice: Health for families and populations (5th ed.). St. Louis, MO: W. B. Saunders.
Chapter 22.
Assessment Instructions
Preparation
Suppose you have been invited to participate in a roundtable discussion meeting on the development of a community response to crises. To prepare for this discussion, you have been asked to research ways that other communities have provided health care services during crisis situations, identify best practices, and develop a nursing response for providing health care services. You would be presenting your research and nursing response to the roundtable panel during the meeting.
Select two communities that have suffered a crisis of some kind within ten years of each other. For example, you might choose to look at New Orleans and Hurricane Katrina in comparison to New Jersey and Hurricane Sandy. You might address the 2011 tornado outbreak and compare the response of Joplin, Missouri with the response of Birmingham, Alabama. Or, you might choose to look at the responses to volcano eruptions in Hawaii as compared to Washington State. You are not limited to natural disasters; feel free to explore environmental disasters and outbreaks of disease. Try to choose the type of crisis situation that could occur within your own community.
Once you have selected your two communities and their comparable crisis situations, look on the Internet for scholarly journal articles on how health care professionals responded to the crises.
Requirements
For this assessment, create a PowerPoint presentation that examines provision of health care services related to community crises, from a nursing perspective. In your PowerPoint, address the following:
Compare the different approaches of two communities for responding to a community crisis.
Explain how the crisis situation in each community affected the overall health of the community.
Describe potential obstacles in your own community to providing health care services related to community crises.
Explain current practices in your own community for providing health care services related to community crises.
Recommend an evidence-based nursing response for providing health care services related to community crises.
Your nursing response does not need to be overly detailed. In real life, a nursing response would be the work of a committee or another group, based on the research and recommendations of others.
Your nursing response should provide foundational research and recommendations based on evidence. Consider things such as triage points, communication methods, caring for staff, providing basic necessities such as food and water, use of other organizations for shelter, and so on.
Use the Notes section of each PowerPoint slide to expand your points and provide supporting evidence.
Additional Requirements
Complete your assessment using the following specifications:
Include a title slide and reference slide.
Number of slides: 10?15.
At least 3 current scholarly or professional resources.
APA format for in-text citations and references.
Be creative. Consider your target audience.

Community Crises Scoring Guide
CRITERIA NON-PERFORMANCE BASIC PROFICIENT DISTINGUISHED
Explain how a crisis
situation affects
community health.
Does not explain
how a crisis
situation affects
community health.
Explains how a crisis
situation affects
community health, but
the explanation is
missing critical
elements.
Explains how a crisis
situation affects
community health.
Explains how a crisis
situation affects
community health, in both
the short-term and the
long-term.
Compare different
approaches for
responding to a
community crisis.
Does not describe
different
approaches for
responding to a
community crisis.
Describes different
approaches for
responding to a
community crisis.
Compares different
approaches for
responding to a
community crisis.
Compares and contrasts
different approaches for
responding to a
community crisis, and
identifies key lessons
learned that can be
applied to similar
situations.
Describe obstacles
to providing health
care services related
to a community
crisis.
Does not identify
obstacles to
providing health
care services.
Identifies obstacles to
providing health care
services, but does not
show a relation to a
community crisis.
Describes obstacles
to providing health
care services related
to a community
crisis.
Describes obstacles to
providing health care
services related to a
community crisis, and
identifies strategies for
overcoming obstacles.
Recommend an
evidence-based
nursing response
for providing health
care services related
to community
crises.
Does not
recommend a
nursing response
for providing health
care services
related to
community crises.
Recommends a
nursing response for
providing health care
services related to
community crises, but
does not provide
supporting evidence.
Recommends an
evidence-based
nursing response for
providing health care
services related to
community crises.
Recommends an
evidence-based nursing
response for providing
health care services
related to community
crises, and clearly shows
how the response will be
effective and efficient.
Explain current
practices for
providing health
care services related
to community
crises.
Does not identify
current practices for
providing health
care services
related to
community crises.
Identifies current
practices for providing
health care services
related to community
crises.
Explains current
practices for
providing health care
services related to
community crises.
Explains current
practices for providing
health care services
related to community
crises, and identifies key
areas for improvement.
Write content clearly
and logically with
correct use of
grammar,
punctuation, and
mechanics.
Does not write
content clearly,
logically, or with
correct use of
grammar,
punctuation, and
mechanics.
Writes with errors in
clarity, logic, grammar,
punctuation, and/or
mechanics.
Writes content
clearly and logically
with correct use of
grammar,
punctuation, and
mechanics.
Writes clearly and
logically with correct use
of spelling, grammar,
punctuation, and
mechanics; uses relevant
evidence to support a
central idea.
Correctly format
citations and
references, using
current APA style.
Does not correctly
format citations and
references, using
current APA style.
Uses current APA to
format citations and
references, but with
numerous errors.
Correctly formats
citations and
references, using
current APA style.
Correctly formats
citations and references,
using current APA style
with no errors.

HERE IS THE OVERVIEW:
Project Overview
This project provides an opportunity for you to apply your knowledge, your learning, and the framework from your HROL program to a specific organization. The project challenges you to apply Human Resource Professional skills to help an organization meet their goals and objectives through employment and labor law compliance, compensation and benefits, employee engagement and motivation, training and development, and metrics. In each module, you complete a component of the project that ultimately provides you an opportunity to make recommendations to the organization regarding their goals and objectives.
Due Date
The Course Project is due in Module 05. Refer to the timeline below for further information.
Time Line
Module
Assignment
01
Are we legally compliant?
02
Compensation and Benefits
03
Training and Development
04
Motivating in a Culturally Diverse Company
05
We need benchmarks! And goals!

Requirements
Lollipop Company, Inc.
Lollipop Company, Inc. is a small-sized company in the confectionary industry and is based in Minneapolis. The company originally began in 2000 by a single woman, Michele. Fifteen years later, Michele finds herself in need of a larger facility, new machines, more employees, and better compensation and benefits plan. On top of that, she needs to maintain her profit of 30%, but she would ideally like to increase her profit to 35%.
Lollipop Company, Inc. is in need of a consultant. You have been hired by Michele to come into her business, review her business, and provide her with information on what she should do to reach her goals within the next 12 months:
Increase profit by 5% (from 30% to 35%)
Move to a facility that has a larger capacity, ideally double the size
Purchase new confectionary machines (minimum of 3 machines but up to 7 machines)
Hire 5 more employees, including one operations manager
Offer a more competitive compensation and benefits plan to employees
Using the information provided for Lollipop Company, Inc., your readings, and your own external research, you complete various project assignments and make recommendations to Michele that will help her obtain her goals.
Throughout your project, you will apply transferable skills. Transferable skills are skills that you develop that can be transferred and applied within your chosen career. They are highly valuable and essential for career success. The transferable skills that you will be applying as you complete your project include: Communication, Information Literacy, Critical Thinking, Ethics & Professional Responsibility, Digital Fluency, and Diversity & Teamwork.

For more information on each of the six transferable skills see the guides below:
Digital Fluency: http://guides.rasmussen.edu/digitalfluency
Ethics and Professional Responsibility: http://guides.rasmussen.edu/ethics
Communication: http://guides.rasmussen.edu/communication
Diversity and Teamwork: http://guides.rasmussen.edu/diversity
Information Literacy: http://guides.rasmussen.edu/informationliteracy
Critical Thinking: http://guides.rasmussen.edu/criticalthinking
THIS IS WEEK ONE ASSIGNMENT:

As the Human Resource Consultant, Michele is looking to you to creatively solve a complicated problem with employment and labor law by determining the best method(s) based on her situation. She is familiar with employment and labor laws but is unsure if she is legally compliant. After all, there are so many laws to consider. She has a few questions about being compliant:
As a small business, is she required to offer FMLA? She previously had an employee request FMLA but Michele denied it citing the business was a small business. What’s the impact?
In the warehouse, her employees don’t like to wear the company-issued back belts and safety glasses. Michele thinks this is okay since it’s the employees who are refusing to wear the items.
Michele needs help with other legal requirements – is she legally required to offer health insurance (and how much), can her employees work more than 60 hours per week (paid), and does she have to offer accommodations for employees with disabilities?
For this project assignment, you will need to conduct research.
Visit the Rasmussen online Library and search for a minimum of four articles covering the topics of FMLA and workplace safety. Conduct academic research using the library’s databases, like:
Discovery
ASP: Human Resource Management Online
Business Source Complete via EBSCO
Business via ProQuest
In the databases use basic search languages (controlled vocabulary/keywords) to determine employment and labor laws specific to this situation. Then, refine your searches based on your search results. Make sure to include a minimum of 4 credible, academic sources in your paper.
Also, conduct your research using credible websites; for example, you will likely want to use the OSHA website and government websites related to FMLA (government websites will end in .gov).
Using your research, address the following points in your paper.
Was Michele legally compliant with FMLA? Explain and support with law. How can Michele make decisions that are objective and reflect the ethical treatment of others? Demonstrate how Michele can comply with laws and rules governing FMLA to employees in an ethical and professional manner.
Using Michele’s situation as an example, who’s at risk for legal compliance when workplace safety is not mandated or monitored? What are the ethical and professional implications?
Evaluate the impact of laws on the core beliefs or personal ethics from a perspective of the employees. What is the potential impact of ethical issues on the stakeholders of the company?
Your paper should be a minimum of 3 pages in length. Include an APA formatted title page and reference page.
Remember to integrate citations accurately and appropriately for all resource types; use attribution (credit) as a method to avoid plagiarism. Consider using NoodleTools to document your sources and to complete your APA formatted reference page and in-text citations.
Make sure to include an APA formatted title page and reference page for sources that you may have used for your research. Remember to follow APA guidelines for in-text citations when paraphrasing or quoting information.

THIS IS A SIX WEEK PORJECT FOR THE COURSE FOR STRATEGIC HRM:

HERE IS THE PROJECT OVERVIEW:

Project Overview

John Chip, the owner and CEO of a startup company called Chip’s Widgets, Inc., started his company in his garage. He manufactured artistic widgets by hand for the first several years of the company’s existence, and he recently expanded his business. You are the Human Resources Manager and you are trying to convince him to hire an operations manager.

You are proposing the creation of a new role of Operations Manager so that someone can manage all of the processes that will be involved in the workforce expansion efforts. There are several steps to the process. You will need to justify the need for an operations manager. After you justify the position, you will design a recruitment and selection strategy. With all businesses there is risk; you will identify a risk to the industry and design a plan to mitigate the risk. Part of the mitigation is including the operations manager in implementing a policy to make the mitigation sustainable.

Your role will also be responsible for building key performance indicators (KPIs) and management by objectives (MBOs) to measure performance. When the performance goals are not met, you will need to create an action plan to get the company back on track. Finally, the CEO will retire and you will create a succession plan to groom the operations manager to take over the role of the CEO.

Due Date

Your final project is due in Module 06. There will be individual assignments along the way. The module they are due is noted in the time line below.

Time Line

Module
Assignment
01
Operations Manager Justification
02
Recruitment and Selection
03
Assessing and Managing Risk
04
Building KPIs and MBOs
05
Creating Action Plans
06
Succession Planning

HERE IS THE WEEK1 PROJECT

John Chip, the owner and CEO of a startup company called Chip’s Widgets, Inc., started his company in his garage. He has manufactured artistic widgets by hand for the first several years of the company’s existence. He recently expanded his business and has recently hired several technicians to produce the widgets using machinery, two sales agents and a creative artist to help promote and sell the widgets, and two shipping and receiving individuals to distribute the widgets.

You are the newly appointed Human Resources manager and you have determined that, in order for the company to function optimally, the organization needs an additional role to manage the expanded workforce. You are proposing the creation of a new role of Operations Manager, so that someone can manage all of the processes that will be involved in the workforce expansion efforts.

To complete this assignment, you will need to prepare a minimum 2-page letter that you will present as part of your proposal to Mr. Chip. In your letter, you will present a case for the need to hire an operations manager. Include the following in your letter:

Discuss the benefits of hiring an operations manager.
Summarize how an operations manager would add value to the strategic direction of the company.
Describe the internal and external factors that you will consider as you work toward a plan for establishing the new role.

Use a professional tone and block letter format for this business letter.

REFEENCE:

Lussier, R. N. (2016). Human Resource Management: Functions, Applications, and Skill Development, 2nd Edition. [Bookshelf Ambassadored]. Retrieved from https://ambassadored.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781483325033/

Former prosecutor and law professor Paul Butler argued for intentional jury nullification (giving a not guilty verdict even though you believe that the person is factually guilty) as a response to a biased system. While his call to action is questionable to many, I want you to take the time to truly understand why he is suggesting it and then coming up with your own stance on this issue. Please pay particular attention to the slides that cover this issue towards the end of the PowerPoint, including his rationale for suggesting such a plan of action (read the article that is included in the slides) and watch the YouTube clips from his television interviews (also included in the slides – you will notice that they are dated and that they are relatively contentious) to help you base your stance for this assignment.Prompt: Imagine you are summoned for jury duty at the local criminal courthouse and you are selected to the jury. The case that you are serving on is for a 19-year-old African-American male charged with possessing and trafficking moderate amounts of crack cocaine in his economically disadvantaged neighborhood in the Fifth Ward. Based on the evidence introduced at trial, it seems to you to support a finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. A fellow juror has proposed that the jury consider nullification of the guilty verdict. She argues that too many poor young Black men get punished for nonviolent, victimless crimes that Whites commit just as often, but without facing the same risk of prosecution or the full range of repercussions that African-Americans face. Other jurors are split in their reactions to her idea, and it is your turn to comment. What will you say? Prepare a statement that is roughly 1-2 pages in length that addresses your views on the nullification proposal. Your statement should address the following: 1) Explain Professor Butler’s reasoning for suggesting that we use jury nullification as a way to send a message about a biased system (again, use his article and the videos to help you). 2) Agree or refute that there is a disparity of African-American males in prison for nonviolent victimless crimes (i.e. what does the research tell us?). 3) Agree or refute that Whites commit these just as often, but face punishment less frequently (i.e. what does the research tell us?). 4) Aside from your stance on the following two prompts, explain whether you morally/ethically agree or disagree with using jury nullification to try to combat a biased system. And 5) if you have disagreed with using jury nullification in this case, explain other possible solutions that you think would better address the systemic biases that plague our criminal justice system. In your response, be sure to reflect upon how your own race, gender, socioeconomic status, political leanings, etc. affect your views.

Description Introduction:The Industrial Revolution destroyed cottage industries that had been the economic mainstay of many British families. As cottage industry workers lost their livelihoods, they were forced to find employment in the very factories that had financially destroyed them, and because the industrializing process left so many without gainful employment, the labor pool was massively enlarged, driving wages down to a subsistence level. These economic dynamics, along with a desire for the cheapest forms of labor, led to large-scale child labor practices in the industrial sector.For this writing assignment you will take on the persona of an individual living during the early industrial revolution in Britain. For this essay, please use footnotes or endnotes and use the Chicago Manual of Style for citations. See this website for examples of how to properly cite: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html (Links to an external site.)This assignment has two steps, research and writing.First Step: ResearchFor this part of the assignment you will use electronic resources from the internet and from the UNCC Atkins Library. Pick one of the personas below and do some web research about this person. Visit the suggested websites listed under their names. As you read along, make sure to jot down notes on what you are reading.Then go to UNCC Atkins Library?s homepage and do the following.Click on the ?databases? tab.
Click on ?databases by subject? tab
Scroll down to ?history? and click
Scroll down to ?19th Century British Library Newspapers? and click
Do a search for ?child labour? (remember to do the British spelling of labour)
Select and read three of the newspaper articles. Again, you should jot down notes as you read along.Second Step: WritingWriting from Another Person?s Perspective: After doing the above research on the person, write a1-page, double-spaced essay from that person?s perspective. Pretending you are the person just studied, give me an argument for why child labor existed in the industrial revolution.
Writing from Your Own Perspective: Then,using the research material from above, write a paragraph, double-spaced, that describes the economic and social conditions that made generally good people act in bad ways during the Industrial Revolution? For example, why did factory owners use child labor (some as young as 7 years old), why did parents send their children to factories to work for wages, and what was government?s response, if any? They were not all evil, depraved, and immoral. There must have been something else going on to make generally good people participate in a system that exploited the labor of children.
Hint: Unrestrained capitalism seeks to lower the cost of production to increase profit
Bibliography: Lastly, using the Chicago Manual of Style, create a bibliography that cites all the sources you used to write the essay.Personas:Sir Robert Peel, late 18th century textile factory owner and statesmen who used orphan labor
https://eh.net/encyclopedia/child-labor-during-the-british-industrial-revolution/ (Links to an external site.)
Make sure to click on the links for additional informationSamuel Courtauld, an owner of a silk mill in Essex, England who used a great deal of female child labor
http://spartacus-educational.com/TEXcourtauldS.htm (Links to an external site.)
Make sure to click on the links for additional informationLuddite, a man or women who attempted to destroy factories and machines to save their cottage industries
http://www.luddites200.org.uk/theLuddites.html (Links to an external site.)
Long but full of great detailsChild Laborer, self explanatory
https://eh.net/encyclopedia/child-labor-during-the-british-industrial-revolution/ (Links to an external site.)
Long but full of great details