April 25, 2018 | Refined Essay

Fortune 500

April 25, 2018 13 Comments Uncategorized

Fortune 500

Paper instructions:
For this Project, students will write a short-proposal for a Fortune 500 company. You will research to see how this company can improve overall. You might consider how they can be more environmentally conscientious, how they can improve their budgets and even consider how they can impact the lives of people in a positive way. You will also discuss some of the recommendations and conclusions for the company. The final project should be approximately 3 to 4 pages with a works cited page, which includes 3 sources in MLA format.

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Before starting any of the assignments, it is important to reach Chapter 1. This chapter provides a foundation for the entire course because it details how one can communicate in the workplace. Before writing clear communication, it is important to discover what works, what doesn’t work and what the obstacles might be if any. Chapter 1 is a good introduction to the course because it discusses communicating in an organization. In your textbook, you can see on the pages of Chapter 1 people in real life workplaces communicating in meetings. This type of communication also sends to the written word in memos, letters, reports and e-mails. These

types of documents are prepared by many employees of all levels, and received by many employees, including sometimes the CEO and/or CFO of an organization.

It is your goal in the chapter to make sure you understand the following vocabulary before you start reading Chapter 2. If you are still unsure about the vocabulary, you might want to re-read some of the sections of Chapter 1. Ober does a good job of explaining all of this vocabulary with concrete examples. Here is the vocabulary to remember:

Stimulus – ?an internal stimulus is simply an idea that forms within your mind,? and ?external stimuli come to you through your sensory organs—for example your eyes and ears? (Ober 5).

Filter – ?each of us has a unique perception of reality, based on our individual experiences, culture, emotions at the moment, personality, knowledge, socioeconomic status, and a host of other variables. Each variable acts as a filter in shaping a person’s unique impressions of reality? (Ober 6).

Message – ?the information to be communicated? (Ober 6).

Medium – ?transmit that message to the receiver? (Ober 7).

Destination – ?the message is transmitted and then enters the sensory environment of the receiver (the destination or audience), at which point control passes from the sender to the receiver? (Ober 7).

In addition to vocabulary, you may also want to remember the following about written communication and the directions of communication:
Some types of written communication in the workplace:

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T9 help! 1

April 25, 2018 2 Comments Uncategorized

Question 1

Die volgende tabel toon die persentasies behaal deur 10 Biometrie studente in ‘n toets (X) en die finale eksamen (Y)./The following table shows the percentages obtained by 10 Biometry students in a test (X) and the final examination (Y).

X	75	80	93	65	87	71	98	68	84	77
Y	82	78	86	72	91	80	95	72	89	74

Vind ‘n 99% vertrouensinterval vir die verwagte eksamenpunt indien die toetspunt 70 is. /Find a 99% confidence interval for the expected examination mark if the test mark is 70.

		[68.92 ; 81.91]
		[69.19 ; 81.65]
		[69.97 ; 80.87]
		[63.86 ; 86.98]
		[71.147 ; 79.70]

Question 2

‘n Pearsonkorrelasiekoëffisiënt van 0 (r=0) vir die veranderlikes X en Y impliseer dat:/ A Pearson correlation coefficient of 0 (r=0) for the variables X and Y implies that:
1. daar geen verwantskap tussen X en Y is nie. /there is no relationship between X and Y.

2. X en Y nie gekorreleerd is nie. /X and Y is not correlated

3. daar ‘n gebrek aan lineariteit tussen X en Y is. /there is a lack of linearity between X and Y.

		(i) & (ii)
		(i) & (ii) & (iii)
		(ii) & (iii)
		(ii)
		Geeneen van bogenoemde. / *None of the above*

Question 3

‘n Eenvoudige lineêre regressie analise vir n = 20 data punte het die volgende resultate gelewer: /A simple linear regression analysis for n = 20 data points produced the following results:

?= 2.1 + 3.4x? x = 50 ? y = 212 S_XX = 4.77 S_XY =16.22 S_YY= 59.21

Bepaal SSE. / Find SSE.

		4.0552
		25.148
		42.992
		49.193
		185.094

Question 4

X	75	80	93	65	87	71	98	68	84	77
Y	82	78	86	72	91	80	95	72	89	74

Toets betekenisvolle regressie. Op ? = 0.01 is die tabel waarde________ . /Test for significance regression. At ? = 0.01 the table value is ________ .

		2.306
		3.169
		2.228
		3.355
		1.397

Question 5

‘n Eenvoudige lineêre regressie analise vir n = 20 data punte het die volgende resultate gelewer: /A simple linear regression analysis for n =20 data points produced the following results:

?= 2.1 + 3.4x? x = 50 ? y = 212 S_XX = 4.77 S_XY =16.22 S_YY= 59.21

Bepaal ‘n 95% vertrouensinterval vir ?as x = 3.0 /Find a 95% confidence interval for ? when x = 3.0.

		[11.9809 ; 12.6191]
		[10.3848 ; 10.8340]
		[10.5763 ; 10.6237]
		[10.1258 ; 11.0742]
		[10.3767 ; 10.8233]

Question 6

X	75	80	93	65	87	71	98	68	84	77
Y	82	78	86	72	91	80	95	72	89	74

Vind die vergelyking van die regressielyn wat gebruik kan word om eksamenpunte te beraam vanaf toetspunte./Find the equation of the regression line which can be used to estimate examination marks from test marks.

		? = 29.13 – 0.66x
		? = 0.66 + 29.13x
		? = 0.66 – 29.13x
		? = 29.13 + 0.66x
		? = 79.8 – 81.9x

Question 7

Die volgende tabel toon die persentasies behaal deur 10 Biometrie studente in ‘n toets (X) en die finale eksamen (Y). /The following table shows the percentages obtained by 10 Biometry students in a test (X) and the final examination (Y).

X	75	80	93	65	87	71	98	68	84	77
Y	82	78	86	72	91	80	95	72	89	74

Vind ‘n 90% vertrouensinterval vir die verwagte eksamenpunt indien die toetspunt 70 is./Find a 90% confidence interval for the expected examination mark if the test mark is 70.

		[71.97 ; 78.87]
		[69.19 ; 81.65]
		[6901 ; 81.83]
		[71.14 ; 79.70]
		[67.45 ; 83.36]

Question 8

Die volgende tabel toon die persentasies behaal deur 10 Biometrie studente in ‘n toets (X) en die finale eksamen (Y). /The following table shows the percentages obtained by 10 Biometry students in a test (X) and the final examination (Y).

X	75	80	93	65	87	71	98	68	84	77
Y	82	78	86	72	91	80	95	72	89	74

Toets vir betekenisvolle regressie. Gee die toets statistiek waarde./Test for significance regression. Give the test statistic value.

		2.306
		143.4
		5.04
		5.3363

Question 9

‘n Eenvoudige lineêre regressie analise vir n = 20 data punte het die volgende resultate gelewer: /A simple linear regression analysis for n =20 data points produced the following results:
?= 2.1 + 3.4x? x = 50 ? y = 212 S_XX = 4.77 S_XY =16.22 S_YY= 59.21
Bepaal ‘n 95% vertrouensinterval vir die helling ?. /Find a 95% confidence interval of the slope ?.

		[10.3767 ; 10.8233]
		[2.9434 ; 3.8566]
		[1.1381 ; 5.6619]
		[2.9430 ; 3.8570]
		[3.1907 ; 3.6093]

Question 10

		1.3971
		10.283
		0.2253
		0.2138
		2.7329

Question 11

Die volgende tabel toon die persentasies behaal deur 10 Biometrie studente in ‘n toets (X) en die finale eksamen (Y)./The following table shows the percentages obtained by 10 Biometry students in a test (X) and the final examination (Y).

X	75	80	93	65	87	71	98	68	84	77
Y	82	78	86	72	91	80	95	72	89	74

Vind ‘n 95% vertrouensinterval vir die verwagte eksamenpunt indien die toetspunt 70 is./Find a 95% confidence interval for the expected examination mark if the test mark is 70.

		[71.97 ; 78.87]
		[69.19 ; 81.65]
		[69.01 ; 81.83]
		[71.14 ; 79.70]
		[67.45 ; 83.36]

Question 12

Die volgende tabel toon die persentasies behaal deur 10 Biometrie studente in ‘n toets (X) en die finale eksamen (Y)./The following table shows the percentages obtained by 10 Biometry students in a test (X) and the final examination (Y).

X	75	80	93	65	87	71	98	68	84	77
Y	82	78	86	72	91	80	95	72	89	74

Bereken die korrelasiekoeffisient./Calculate the correlation coefficient.

		0.0011
		0.7606
		0.8721
		0.9989
		0.9980

Question 13

X	75	80	93	65	87	71	98	68	84	77
Y	82	78	86	72	91	80	95	72	89	74

Vind die persentasie variasie wat deur die regressie verklaar word. /Find the percentage of variation explained by the regression.

		0.0011 * 100
		0.7606*100
		0.8721*100
		0.9989*100
		0.9980*100

Question 14

X	75	80	93	65	87	71	98	68	84	77
Y	82	78	86	72	91	80	95	72	89	74

Bereken S_e²./Calculate S_e².

		17.93
		4.23
		143.4
		11.97

Question 15

X	75	80	93	65	87	71	98	68	84	77
Y	82	78	86	72	91	80	95	72	89	74

Bereken SSE./Calculate SSE.

		17.93
		4.23
		143.4
		11.97

Question 16

X	75	80	93	65	87	71	98	68	84	77
Y	82	78	86	72	91	80	95	72	89	74

Vind ‘n 95% vertouensinterval vir die ? /Find the 95% confidence interval for the ?.

		[0.60 ; 0.71]
		[– 1.2040 ; 2.52]
		[0.62 ; 0.69]
		[– 0.62 ; 1.94]

Question 17

Gegee die inligting van huisgrootte (X) in tien vierkante meters en die verkoopprys (Y) in R 10000 van huise in Bloemfontein: /Given the information on home size (X) in ten squared metres and the sale price (Y) in R 10000 of houses in Bloemfontein:

X	24	32	15	30	26	20	28	32
Y	60	98	36	84	78	50	82	104

Bereken S_XX/Calculate S_XX

970

252.875

3 872

207

Geeneen van bogenoemde. / None of the above

Question 18Gegee die inligting van huisgrootte (X) in tien vierkante meters en die verkoopprys (Y) in R 10000 van huise in Bloemfontein: /Given the information on home size (X) in ten squared metres and the sale price (Y) in R 10000 of houses in Bloemfontein:

X	24	32	15	30	26	20	28	32
Y	60	98	36	84	78	50	82	104

Bereken S_YY/ Calculate S_YY

		970
		525.875
		3 872
		207
		Geeneen van bogenoemde. / *None of the above*

Why banning the use of cell phones while driving should be mandatory nationwide

April 25, 2018 3 Comments Uncategorized

1. Create a complete preparation outline using the outline template below.

2. Choose from one of the topics below to develop into an outline.
a. Why banning the use of cell phones while driving should be mandatory nationwide

3. State the general purpose, specific purpose, and central idea clearly and in the appropriate form.

4. Limit your main points and supporting materials to no more than three.

5. State your main points and supporting materials in complete sentences.

6. Summarize key points of introduction.

7. Summarize the conclusion in one statement.

Use this outline as your template.

TITLE:
A. General Purpose
B. Specific Purpose
C. Central idea

I. Introduction
A. Key point #1
B. Key point #2
C. Key point #3
II. Body of the Presentation
A. Main Point #1
1. Supporting material
2. Supporting material
B. Main Point #2
1. Supporting material
2. Supporting material
C. Main Point #3
1. Supporting material
2. Supporting material
I. Conclusion

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Life as a journey in search of religion, meaning, and insight Has your writing been like journal entries keeping track of the journey?

April 25, 2018 No Comments Uncategorized

Life as a journey in search of religion, meaning, and insight Has your writing been like journal entries keeping track of the journey?

please Read:
Narrow Road, Basho 9780140441857
Inward Morning, Bugbee – 9780820320717

//BUGBEE The Inward Morning

Narrative sections : Swamping …42 — Building a dam …44f. - -Rowing . 45-51– Rogue Rver boatman…82 — Fishing the Gualala.86 –Canadian Rockies: 139 –The North Fork … 171 –At Sea…176-193 // –Awakening to things, others, ourselves: Rain on Mt. Lu… 92 –Driving to Mexico…102 –Rain and sunlight.. 108 –The Boston Museum…226 –Sounding of bells…229 –Drift of my thinking 74 –Writing authentically 79 –Informed by the sea..121 - -Wilderness vocation.. 128 // –Awakening 154f.  –Utter simplicity…170 –Night at sea … 177 –Song of a bird193  –Prowling in books .. 197 –Manner of man 210 –True stillness …2 21 // –Fellow creatures 224 –Suicide planes . 225 –Flock of Geese . 227 ///

…….

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Format. The regular reflection papers – all but the final reflection paper — should have a bold two or three line single spaced quote at the top of each page. [so a 2 page paper has 2 quotes, one at the top of each; a 4 pg has 4 quotes, one at the top of each, etc] Beneath that quote (a different one for each page) is your reflection or meditation or ‘riff’ on it. The quotes don’t have to produce a related stream of thought, nor do your reflections. The final paper can work for integration of themes, but the earlier ones can be one-page thoughts independent from thoughts on the other pages.

How to get reflection started. In your reading be alert for moments that strike you in some fashion, and make marginal notes of these moments. Why do they ring a bell or jump out at you (for good or ill)? What triggers your imagination — heart and mind? You want to read with an eye to collecting those passages or sentences that “make you jump” – in joy or revulsion or surprise or curiosity.

Then figure out what made you take note. A ‘marginal commentary’ [comments entered on the margins of a page] should be part of your reading, and when paper-time comes you can then lay out before you the half dozen most memorable “jumps” and begin to reflect on them. Ask yourself which ones you can elaborate on, go somewhere with. Begin to narrow down the number until you find the 3 or 4 quotes (1-3 sentences each) that you can do best with – discarding the rest.

The idea of a journey appears in all the books. Consider that your writing might be like one-page journal entries that keeping track of that journey. Use the first person. And avoid any hint of a book report or “summary of ideas”. The paper shows you — your response. I should learn something about how your mind and imagination work as I read it. Let your voice and personality come out.

…….

….

Reflection papers are definitely not standard expository essays. The idea is for you to be alert to sentences or phrases or moods in the writing that strike you. Your response is the key to what to write about. I can’t tell what will strike you, and each student may find something different that makes them reread, gasp with disbelief, get happy, get reminded of what a friend said or what happened to an uncle. Following up that initial “zing” from the text assures that you are responding to IT — not to someone else’s interpretation of what existentialism is, or what Camus means by the absurd, or what your professor expects you to ‘get’ from the text. Your professor wants you to start with YOUR reactions, and to nurture those reactions, build up an associative field around them of your own making.
There’s no given ‘angle’ on things I want you to accept or investigate. What is ‘given’ is the fact that you will react, and mull or ponder or ‘riff’ on your reaction, positioning your reaction amidst other things in the particular text (if that works for you) or amidst other things in your experience (including your experience of books and films and theater and camping trips or brawls, or whatever.

The sentences selected don’t have to be connected (but they might). Try to fill the page (it’s your chance to show me how you think).

Coda

Art, religion, philosophy, and literature offer resources for celebration of life — offer ways to stave off at least part of the suffering that afflicts us. They bring us meaning and knowledge and shore up our often frail capacities for confidence and conviction.

…….

….

Labor relations and collective bargaining

April 25, 2018 2 Comments Uncategorized

Carrell, M. R., & Heavrin, C. (2010). Labor relations and collective bargaining: Cases, practice, and law(9th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

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Select one of the following three options for your course project.Your paper should be a well-organized paper of 6-8 pages in length (in addition to a title page identifying your name and the course number), with no spelling or grammar mistakes, clearly articulated, and to the point. Your paper must reflect APA style and contain at least three references other than the book, which may include Internet sources, professional journal articles, or other resources related to the profession.

1. Select a topic covered in the course and have it approved by the instructor. Then conduct research on the topic to determine historical trends and recent developments. Before completing your paper, have your instructor approve your bibliography.

2. You are the Human Resource Director for a 500-bed hospital. You have learned that the American Professionals Union is attempting to unionize your 1,000 registered nurses. The CEO has asked you to draft a plan – either supporting the nurses in their efforts OR attempting to remain union free. Draft solid arguments – either pro or con – for presentation and recommendation to the CEO.

3. Much political effort has been given to the passage and implementation of the “Employee Free Choice Act.” Your local U.S. representative has asked you, the local HR group president, to submit a position paper to her regarding the HR group’s position on the strengths and weaknesses of the proposed legislation. Your work could influence the Representative’s vote – make your arguments fact based and strong.

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As early childhood educators, it is our responsibility to assist parents in encouraging the development of literacy in their children.

April 25, 2018 No Comments Uncategorized

As early childhood educators, it is our responsibility to assist parents in encouraging the development of literacy in their children. As mentioned in Section 5.1 of the text, one way to do this is by providing resources to our parents on how they can foster literacy at home (Coats, 2013). For this assignment, create a PowerPoint presentation that includes the following:

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A title slide
At least three slides that discuss the importance of reading to young children
At least two slides that identify and discuss resources for story/music time
At least two slides that discuss how to decide what types of books are appropriate for young learners
At least three slides with suggested titles of books that will benefit each type of literacy and an explanation of why these books will benefit each type of literacy
A reference slide
At least five graphics/images

Each slide should be designed to clearly and concisely address the material. The PowerPoint presentation must be at least 10 slides in length, not including title and reference slides, and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. The notes section of the PowerPoint must be utilized to expand on your presented points. The notes section should also include any additional information necessary to explain or show the student’s point of view. You must use at least one scholarly source in addition to your textbook to support the ideas you are sharing in your presentation.

fraudulent financial statements

April 25, 2018 2 Comments Uncategorized

Identify one organization from the past fifteen years that has had fraud related problems (e.g., fraudulent financial statements, violation of laws, indictment or conviction of employees committing fraudulent acts, etc.).

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· Research your organization with the goal of addressing all of the following:

Identify and explain the fraud issue.
Identify the individuals involved in the fraudulent act(s), explain their role, and explain how they were able to commit the fraud (i.e., what factors were not present in the organization that allowed them to commit the fraud).
Identify and explain the laws, rules, ethics that were violated by the fraudster(s) (e.g., Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, Financial Accounting Standards Board pronouncements, Public Company Accounting Oversight Board pronouncements, American Institute of Certified Public Accountants pronouncements, Securities and Exchange Commission pronouncements, etc.).
Explain the impact on affected stakeholders (e.g., stockholders, employees, creditors, suppliers, customers, etc.).
Identify what measures could have been taken to prevent the fraud committed or detect it earlier.

· Write an 9-11 page, double-spaced paper not including the title page, table of contents, and bibliography pages, addressing the items in above. Be sure to follow proper APA formatting in all your citations.

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In English 2010 we use the Toulmin Schema to test our arguments and to develop a detailed outline of our Persuasive Research papers.

April 25, 2018 1 Comment Uncategorized

In English 2010 we use the Toulmin Schema to test our arguments and to develop a detailed outline of our Persuasive Research papers. One of the reasons it is useful in this process is that it focuses primarily on what we can validate with research or logic

…….

(logos) instead of relying on the emotional responses that often limit our research and discussion about many topics. We can then add appeals to emotion (pathos) that are useful to our specific audience as we prepare to write the essay.

…….

The following version of Toulmin is tailored specifically to English 2010 and designed to test the working thesis sentence developed in the policy proposal portion of the Stasis Model.

Claim: This should be the first part of your newly developed working thesis sentence

Reasons: This are the ‘because’ clauses of your working thesis statement

…….

Assumptions: What assumptions do you have about the topic and why? What points of agreement (values) do you and your audience share? According to your research, what are the presumed assumptions your audience has about the topic and why?

Backing: Think of this as a place to list the evidence, both personal and researched, which supports your claim and reasons. This will be the longest portion of the essay.
(Personal/Brainstorming)
(Cited Research)

Conditions of Rebuttal:

…….

What are other people saying about your topic? How will they attack your position? What are their strongest points? Be sure to explore each point in detail, gathering source information to fully understand why people hold that position and to more fully evaluate the counterargument.

Qualifier: Revised thesis statement based on the conditions of rebuttal. What can you still realistically argue?

…….

Are there ways to adjust your thesis to include some ideas from the rebuttals or a way to counter them by changing the thesis?

Requirements:
•   Cite credible sources using MLA documentation
•   4-5 pages long, 12 point font–It should read like a bulleted list, not a formal paper (please see the examples)
•   Develop a clear policy proposal
•   Upload as a .doc, .docx, or .rtf file

…….

BMAN60101 Mathematical Programming and Optimisation

April 25, 2018 1 Comment Uncategorized

Your coursework assignment is the case INTERNATIONAL COAL.

Approach this as if it were a piece of commercial work (e.g. external or internal consulting) rather than an academic submission. The deliverable is a report addressed to Bob Manchester at International Coal.To approach the writing of the report and presentation of your accompanying model(s), try to put yourself in Bob Manchester’s shoes.
Bob Manchester is a busy, bright middle-manager, with an engineering background. He does not have a knowledge of or great interest in the details of linear programming or the academic literature! Think about what he needs to know in order to make the decisions necessary in his job, what closely-related issues arising from your modelling that he should be informed about, and how he would want to receive this information.
The style to be adopted for the submission is StyleA: Consulting or Managerial Report (see the Guidance on submission styles document on Blackboard).
• The Management Report should be no more than 10 or 12pages long, including cover page, executive summary, contents etc.

>>>>
• There is no hard limit for the Technical Appendices, but all components must be relevant, annotated, neatly presented and referred to in the Management Report. 20 pages might be a reasonable expectation. It must include some documentation for the models, concentrating on how the model is structured and how to use it, not on general background about how to build a model in Excel etc. The models should be in electronic form and accompany the Technical Appendices.
The focus is solving the problem as presented, and potentially providing International Coal with a methodology for continuing this approach. Academic/theoretical material or research into the context and regulatory background is not required. If you regard some as strictly necessary, try to confine it to the technical appendices and remember to use the MBS ‘house style’ for referencing (the Harvard system: there should be examples in the Programme Handbook).
A high standard will also be expected in presentation, English, grammar, formatting etc.
The report should cover:
• The recommended schedule of burning and, if necessary, buying fuels
• Input and output data used in developing your recommendation.
• An insight into the method, logic and tools used
• Information about the constraints to greater profit
• Insights into the effect on the burning schedule of FGD
• The impact of potential changes in the ROC payment rate
• Suggestions for further work (that Bob Manchester could commission from you)
• Your models in electronic format, with some accompanying documentation, so that Bob Manchester and his team may do some checking, further ‘what-if?’ analyses and potentially develop them for further use.

(N.B. The above guidance is not indented to be prescriptive or a contents list, but gives more detailed prompts than usual since this is your first individual assignment.)

Marks breakdown
Management report
Presentation 10%
Exec summary 10%
Conceptual explanation of the modelling 20%
Critical analysis on the results 20%
Basic recommendations 10%
Technical applications
Presentation 10%
Structuring of models 10%
Modelling 10%

>>>>

You must submit your individual report to this coursework assignment to the programme administrator no later than 15.00 on Monday 9/12/2013.

You must also submit your individual report to this coursework assignment to Blackboard no later than 15.00 on Monday 9/12/2013.

INTERNATIONAL COAL
Coal-fired Power Generation
Compared with other fossil fuels, burning coal produces relatively large amounts of atmospheric pollutants: carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and particulates. Therefore over recent decades there has been a decline in the use of coal for power generation. However, as supplies of other easily-accessible fossil fuels dwindle there remain vast deposits of coal, and the International Energy Agency estimates that coal will still be used to generate 38% of the world’s electricity in 2020.
Within the European Union, environmental concerns have led to limits on emission of pollutants. A market has been established for trading CO2 emissions. A generator has to pay for CO2 emissions at the market rate, so they can be treated as an additional fuel cost. This may be extended to SO2, but currently generators are allocated a limit (a ‘sulphur bubble’) for a year running from October to October (the ‘sulphur year’).
Flue-gas desulpherisation (FGD) and ‘scrubber’ technology can reduce emission levels of SO2 and NOxrespectively from the exhaust gases.
Coals from different regions of the world have different composition, with different calorific values and pollutant content. Combinations of coals are often used so that trade-offs can be made between costs, energy and the various emissions produced.
Recently some coal-fired plants have started to ‘co-fire’, blending coal with biomass. Biomass includes waste products from forestry (e.g. wood chips), from paper production, and from agriculture (e.g. straw and olive cake ). In the UK the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) has set the target that by 2010 renewable sources should contribute 10% of the UK electricity supply, and generators are paid a supplement for each MWh of power generated this way (this is known as the Renewables Obligation Certificate, ROC). The DTI foresees the combustion of biomass, both domestic and imported, as being the fastest growing component of the renewable energy.

>>>>

International Coal
International Coal (IC) operates a large (1,000 MW) coal-fired plant in the UK. They employ a team who purchase different fuels in order to maximise margin (profit) whilst keeping within environmental limits, especially on sulphur. IC has been allocated a sulphur bubble of 30 kilo tonnes for the year (to the end of October). CO2 emission is taken to be 0.8 tonnes per MWh of electricity produced.
Coal is typically bought three or more months ahead of planned burn and stockpiles are kept at the plant. Stockpiled coal is stored in mixed piles, however biomass has to be stocked separately. Transport costs are factored into the fuel prices. The plant has 35% efficiency, i.e. 35% of the calorific energy released in a burn is converted to MWh of electrical power.
Power is sold to the electricity markets, and fuel buying is done on the basis of future prices in these markets. Each month is divided into four price bands: categorised by weekend or weekday, and peak or off-peak. (Peak periods consist of a 12-hour block). Thus there are four future prices for each month. Power is distributed by the National Grid Company which charges IC a transmission rate of 65p per MWh.

The Problem
The fuel-buying team at IC is led by Bob Manchester. The buying decisions have been relatively straightforward, but as the sulphur bubble has become more restrictive, pressure is increasing to show that the best fuels are being used. Bob thinks there must be a systematic way of considering the tradeoffs involved in the decisions being made.
It is now the end of May 2005. To test the feasibility of a modelling approach, Bob wants to investigate power generation to the end of October, considering the stockpile of mixed coals at the plant, three types of coal that can be ordered for burning in September and October, and wood-chip biomass which can be bought with short lead-times. Fuel is to be paid for now, ignore discounting of any of the cash flows.
Biomass is more difficult to handle than coal, having more variable combustion characteristics (low density, extremes of particle shape, tendency to entangle and demix plus moisture has a large effect has on their behaviour), so may not provide more than 10% of the mix (by calorific value) in any of the generating periods.
Bob has provided fuel characteristics (Table 1) and future-price data (Table 2). The current coal stockpile at the plant (including coals previously ordered and en route) is 600,000 tonnes and there is 30% of the ‘sulphur bubble’ left this sulphur year. CO2 emission is trading at 15 Euros per tonne on the European market, which IP must pay for any CO2 produced. The ROC is £45 per MWh from renewables. The currency conversion data is given in Table 3.
Bob has also mentioned a couple potential future issues. SO2 emissions are a major concern for IC. One possibility is to invest in FGD. There is also the possibility that SO2 emissions may become tradable (and so a direct cost) in the way CO2 currently is. Either of these is likely to have a major impact on operations at the plant, but Bob is unsure how to start quantifying the potential benefits.
Assignment
Your charge is to
• Build and explain a prototype model
• Use your model to recommend a schedule of burning and, if necessary buying fuels
• Use your model and its results to offer:
o any further guidance on the impact of the costs of the fuels in particular, since these are futures prices, the effects of any drops in price
o any insights you can into the issues of FGD and sulphur-trading

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Data
Table 1: Characteristics of Fuels
Fuel Pricea Calorific value SO2
£/tonne GJoules per tonne %b
Coal: Stockpile 42.56 25.81 1.38%
Coal: Columbian 43.93 25.12 0.70%
Coal: Russian 43.80 24.50 0.35%
Coal: Scottish 42.00 26.20 1.72%
Wood chips 73.77 18.00 0.01%
aconstant fuel prices for the period June- October 2005
ba coal with an SO2 rating of 1% will produce 0.01 tonne of SO2 for each tonne of the fuel burnt

Table 2: Future Electricity Prices
Electricity Market
Forward Prices June July August September October
Period: £ per MWh £ per MWh £ per MWh £ per MWh £ per MWh
WeekdayPeak 36.00 36.35 37.65 38.35 43.70
Weekday Off-peak 27.00 27.00 28.20 28.50 31.70
WeekendPeak 33.50 34.30 35.65 35.80 38.70
Weekend Off-peak 26.20 26.30 27.50 27.65 30.10

Table 3: Currency Conversiona
British pound per US Dollar 1.0000
British pound per Euro 0.6667
aconstant exchange rates for the period June- October 2005
About the contributors
Dr Nathan Proudlove, Senior Lecturer in Operational Research at Manchester Business School, University of Manchester, UK.
Dr. Cathy McClay, former Business Strategy Manager at First Hydro, a part of International Power Plc. She now works for Eon.
Appendix
CO2 trading
• Companies are allocated a CO2 emission limit by Government. The EU emissions trading scheme allows companies to sell unused CO2 allowance, or purchase further emission allowance from a market. The result is that in this case all CO2 emissions from the plant should be costed at the tradable value (the company’s allowance can be considered to have been used elsewhere or earlier in the year)
• Background information can be found atwww.defra.gov.uk/environment/climatechange/trading/index.htm [accessed 10 Feb 2006]
sulphur bubble
• The ‘sulphur bubble’ is assigned by Government, as part of the Large Combustion Plant Directive agreed by the European Parliament; www.defra.gov.uk/environment/airquality/lcpd/ [accessed 10 Feb 2006]
ROC
• “The Obligation requires suppliers to source an annually increasing percentage of their sales from renewables. For each megawatt hour of renewable energy generated, a tradable certificate called a Renewables Obligation Certificate (ROC) is issued.”
• Background information can be found atwww.dti.gov.uk/renewables/renew_2.2.2.htm [accessed 10 Feb 2006]

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Logistics/SCM Inventory and Distribution

April 25, 2018 4 Comments Uncategorized

Logistics/SCM Inventory and Distribution

Scenario:

In early 1975, brothers John and Michael Phillips founded the Stone Horse Supply Company. John and Michael, both horse riders and horse owners, had developed a horse

feed to keep their own horses healthier and happier and found it in demand from other locals and neighbors. In response to that growing local demand, John and Michael

converted their small home operation into a rented building in town and went forward with the business of manufacturing and selling specialized horse feeds.
Through the late 1980s and throughout the 1990s, the Rock Horse Food Supply Company enjoyed modest prosperity, providing niche products to the local area with their

products selling in most of the nearby counties. However, in early 2006, the situation began to dramatically change. In early 2006, John and Michael were contacted by

representative of the largest chain of stores in the region. One of the officers of the large chain was a horse owner and had been buying the special horse feed for

his horse. The officer felt that because she enjoyed the product so much and knew that other local customers had used the product and perhaps the product could have

success on a statewide or even a national scale.

Since its onset, John and Michael had run their business on virtually a manual basis. Suppliers were mostly local with sourcing decisions based on the supplier’s

proximity. Forecasting and ordering from suppliers were completed through phone calls and faxes with new orders based on manual counts rather than any systematic

process. Stone Horse Supply Company often found itself with either excess material or expediting material in from suppliers at the last minute to keep from missing a

customer deadline. Likewise, Stone Horse Supply Company was in the same facility it had started in, a smaller facility that had an unusual layout that John and Michael

had made minor modifications to through the years to adapt to problems encountered during those years.

While John and Michael were excited about the prospect of the company and its product becoming a mainstream product with vastly increased sales, they both knew that

they were already struggling to meet current customer demand and that the current methods used to run the company would be insufficient as it entered this next phase.

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More specifically, John and Michael were concerned about the company’s ability to order and maintain the correct inventories to meet the new sales projections or even

if many of its suppliers could meet the higher volumes. John and Michael also were concerned about how they would get the materials to Stone Horse Supply Company

because they currently used a single company truck to pick up most of the local materials. Finally, John and Michael were deeply concerned about inventory levels and

the cash required maintaining those inventories because they were already experiencing excess cost and issues in this area.

Having decided to move forward, John and Michael’s company faced many questions regarding the new sales opportunity. Both John and Michael knew that while the

technology they had to offer was superior to any other product of that type currently on the market, they also knew their company needed help in developing a supply

chain strategy to ensure that this fantastic new sales opportunity did not overwhelm the company and end in failure.

Your task starts with assisting John and Michael with an assessment of their current and desired situations. You will follow with assisting Stone Horse Supply Company

in developing a supply chain that will support its future operations while also knowing that now that John and Michael’s product is going mainstream that there is

great likelihood that other competitors will follow and that any strategy must address the future competitive landscape of the company.

Required Task
After the initial report, the owners of Stone Horse Supply Company, John and Michael, have contacted you regarding some information in which they did not understand.

They explained to you over the phone that they do not understand the need to modernize the company’s flow regarding its suppliers as part of a new supply chain

strategy. They request that you prepare a presentation for them discussing the importance and benefits of an efficient and robust information system as an integral

part of an efficient supply chain strategy.

For this assignment, you must submit a presentation consisting of 10 PowerPoint slides with at least 50-100 words of speaker’s notes per slide in which you discuss the

importance and benefits of an efficient and robust information system as an integral part of an efficient supply chain strategy.

This is very important, you must address the following in your presentation:

Provide a list of competitive supply chain strategies.
Explain the environment and sustainability of supply chain strategies.
Provide at least 3 issues that could affect a competitive supply chain strategy?
Explain at least 2 growing uncertainties that exist in supply chain management.
Explain the importance and benefits of an efficient and robust information system as an integral part of an efficient supply chain strategy.
Provide at least 3 recommendations, for John and Michael, for improving their company’s supply chain information flow.

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