Day: April 27, 2018

Prompt:
“The only alternative to increased immigration are mounting debts or reduced social services- a practical system of work-based immigration for both high-skilled and low-skilled immigrants-a system that will include a path to citizenship-will help us meet workforce needs, prevent exportation of jobs to foreign countries and protect against the exploitation of workers.”
“The best way to prevent illegal immigration is to make sure that we have a fair and workable system of legal immigration. The current immigration system is neither.”
Jeb Bush and Clint Bolick, “Solving the Immigration Puzzle,” Wall Street Journal, January 24, 2013.

“If the message to American students is “Do not bother working hard for a high –service degree, because we can import someone to do the job for less” we could do significant long-term damage to the high tech educational system we value so dearly.” Ross Eisenbrey, “America’s Genius Glut,” New York Times, February 7, 2013.

Question:

A) Is the “immigration issue” one of demographics? Evaluate the chances of a “comprehensive immigration policy” turning away from racial and ethnic quota towards “opportunities not burdens.”
B) Why is the system of legal immigration not working?
C) Evaluate the net social and economic benefits accruing to the United States of facilitating the importation of skilled workers.

The paper will be four pages of double-spaced typing. Brevity and conciseness are important. Sentences and paragraphs should be used but when brevity is called for bullets can be used to convey meaning.
Quotations should be referenced but otherwise a set of general references will be sufficient.
Once you have chosen your topic use the sections A), B) …as a means of segmenting your comments. Alternatively, if you wish to construct your own narrative, simply reference the sections (A) etc. as you address the respective topics.

The cut-off date for TMA 01 is 12:00 midday (UK local time) on 6 December 2016. This is the latest date by which your TMA must reach your tutor. You must submit your TMA using the online TMA/EMA service.

The marks for your TMAs and iCMAs will be used to calculate your OCAS using the weightings set out in Table 1. TMA 01 is worth 30% of your overall continuous assessment score (OCAS). Before each TMA you will have had to complete an assessed iCMA. Each iCMA is worth 10% of your OCAS. The iCMAs will be highlighted on your studyplanner.

Table 1: W330 TMA and iCMA weightings
Assessment Weighting
iCMA 41 10%
TMA 01 30%
iCMA 42 10%
TMA 02 50%
* The numbers of iCMAs always begin with ‘4’ for administrative reasons. There are two iCMAs in W330.

TMA 01 consists of one question. You are expected to answer all parts of the question. The word limit for TMA 01 is a maximum of 1500 words. Remember, all the words you use to answer the question, including quotations and citations, count. Your answers should be written in your own words. Any words used that exceed the overall word count for the TMA will not be marked or commented on.

You must provide a reference list and a word count at the end of your work. The reference list is not included in the word count.

Question
Read the scenario in Box 1.

Box 1 Fictional scenario
As of 1 March 2016 (fictional) EU legilslation provides that all workers who are citizens of a member state shall be entitled to a minimum of eight weeks sick leave at full pay per calendar year. Dieter is a German national and has been working in England for the last three years as a languages teacher in a local school. The school is privately owned and fee paying, but also has a small number of pupils who have their fees paid for by the local authority as part of a widening participation scheme. Dieter was off on sick leave between 1 July and 30 September 2016 and has been informed that he will only receive sick pay for six weeks at the full rate. The (fictional) English legislation, the Sick Pay Act 1993, states that employers must provide their employees with full pay ‘to cover a reasonable period of sick leave per calendar year’. English case law has suggested that this should mean a minimum of four weeks. Dieter complains about the position to his employer but is told that they consider six weeks to be reasonable in the circumstances. Dieter has heard from a friend about the EU law position and wants to know if he can rely on this.

Advise Dieter how he can rely on any rights which might arise under EU legislation in the courts in England and Wales in the following respective situations. You need to consider all potential claims he has against both his employer and the UK Government:

a.The EU law is a regulation coming into force on 1 March 2016.
Word limit: 375

(25 marks)

b.The EU law is a directive giving the member states until 1 March 2016 to enact implementing national measures (legislation). The UK law considered the (fictional) Sick Pay 1993 Act to be sufficient in the circumstances and did not implement any new legislation.
Word limit: 1125

(75 marks)

Total marks: 100

Learning outcomes
TMA 01 tests the following learning outcomes:

Knowledge and understanding

concepts, rules and principles of European Union law.
Skills

apply legal principles to resolve identified issues
organise and assimilate legal and factual material relating to EU law and express a reasoned personal view
critically read, understand and discuss legal materials in the area of EU law.
Advice
Important information
The OU Law School Undergraduate Assessment Guide contains definitions of words used in TMA questions. It also gives advice on referencing and the reference list that you must produce and include at the end of your work. You should read this guide before attempting TMA 01.

Your answer should be written in standard English and in prose. This is a problem-style question and you are expected to demonstrate evaluative skills while dealing with the facts in the scenario. You can find further information and support in the OU Law School Undergraduate Assessment Guide at Section 3.2.3 which provides guidance on how to deal with a problem-style question.

You should not write in the first or second person (e.g. ‘I’, ‘we’, ‘my’, ‘you’, or ‘your’). Instead you should use phrases such as ‘A person is…’ or ‘This answer will…’.

Question
This TMA is primarily designed to test your knowledge of Unit 1, 2 and 3 of Block 1. Although these units are relevant to this question, you may draw upon material from other units. You should consider carefully any related materials, such as legislation and case law or any other sources that you have read in your module materials, when answering this question.

You should make sure that your answer covers all the potential claims that Dieter could make in this scenario, including those against both his employer and the UK Government.

The scenario contains all of the facts known to you at the present time. Do not assume additional facts not given in the question. In answering this question you should:
Think about the structure of your answer.
Identify the relevant law.
Apply each element of the relevant law to the facts of the case, giving reasons to explain why you think each element of the law is or is not satisfied.
Ensure that you include the relevant law to the right part of the question and do not repeat information unnecessarily in both parts.
Conclude by deciding what options (if any) are available to Dieter in each of the situations.

This is a term paper in my econometrics class. Writer needs to write certain sections of the final term paper based on a group research/presentation. The writer may better understand this presentation if he/she knows how to use the statistical software, Stata, since this is the software we used to analyze our data. Based on this presentation, the writer needs to write 3 sections: 1. Introduction/Motivation (Included in the presentation, needs to expand, I would much appreciate if you write an abstract as well). 2. Literature Reviews (also included in the presentation, however needs more detailed explanations in the paper). 3. Conclusion (also included, needs to expand and more detailed explanation as well). Ideally each section shouldn’t exceed 2 pages. I know this assignment could be confusing and you need to fully understand our slides. So if you encounter any problems please don’t hesitate to contact me, I ll give you as much help as I can

The primary aim of this course is mastery of “privatization” principles in the world of public and private sector justice – a trend quite evident in policing, judicial operations, security and homeland defense as well as correctional settings. Exactly how the public and private sector agency and entity partners carry out a common mission is covered. This course discusses methods to enable justice organizations in both the public and private sectors to develop and execute efficient and effective business partnerships. Detailed requirements and market potentials will be discussed which can help the private sector use its own resources to develop products and services at minimal cost. The course deals specifically with privatized operations at work and provides templates, knowledge of potential marketing tools and real-world examples of success. In the last phase of the course, the emphasis will target privatized policing system.
Expectations and Matrix for Term Papers:

the topics covered during the semester. With prior permission of the course instructor, students will select a current initiative (of their choosing) of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to outsource to the private sector. The paper will include an overview of the process, as outlined in the course.

Please include two text books as the reference source, all video/link sources.

Please use either MoMA or Metropolitan Museum of Art as your subject. Design a museum education program and finish the paper in grand proposal format. Please cite at least 3 research/reading which provide a theoretical framework for the design.

1. Summary (1 page maximum)
Briefly explain the purpose of your program and the outcomes you hope to achieve.

2. Project Justification (4-5 pages)
¥ What do you propose to do?
¥ What is your rationale for implementing this program? What need, problem, or challenge will your program address?
¥ Who is your intended audience?
¥ What are the intended results of your program? (i.e. How will your audience benefit from participating?)
¥ How does this program complement the museum’s existing programs and contribute to the overall mission of the organization?
¥ What reading and/or research have informed your planning? (Do not simply make a list. Explain how they have informed your thinking and planning.)

Review Criteria:
¥ Is the project clearly explained?
¥ Is the need, problem, or challenge clearly identified and supported by relevant evidence?
¥ Are the people who will benefit from the project clearly identified and have they been involved in project planning?
¥ Are the intended results well formulated and achievable?
¥ Does the project address current needs of the museum and its overall mission?
¥ Are the proposed activities, technology and/or methodologies informed by appropriate theory and practice?

3. Project Work Plan (4-5 pages)
¥ What specific activities will you carry out? Describe your proposed program in detail.
¥ Who will plan, implement, and manage the project?
¥ When, where and how often will the program take place?
¥ What financial, personnel, and other resources will you need to carry out the activities? Include an itemized budget.
¥ Describe your plans for promoting and/or publicizing the program.
¥ Explain how you will make your program accessible to visitors with disabilities.
¥ Explain how you will evaluate your program to see if you have achieved your intended results.

Review Criteria:
¥ Is the proposed program innovative? Is it informed by appropriate theory and practice?
¥ Is the proposed program realistic and achievable?
¥ Are the time, personnel, and financial resources identified appropriate for the scope and scale of the project?
¥ Does the institution provide evidence of its capacity to carry out the project activities?
¥ Is a clear methodology described for evaluating the project’s success?

The banks are having a bit of trouble with debt at the moment. They have lent lots of money to people who promised to pay it back, and then didn’t. In the future, they would like to avoid lending to the kind of person who won’t pay back the loan, and that is where you come in. We have got some data from a bank describing 1000 of its loan customers. The data also tells us whether or not each customer repaid the loan (good or bad credit rating).

The question is simple – Is there a difference between the people who repay the loans and those who don’t?

You should use the Weka data mining package, which is installed in the university computers and also available to download from: https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~ml/weka/

The data ‘credit-g’ in ARFF format is available on the Blackboard. It is also provided in the Excel format ‘German credit’, which contains the interpretation of variables.

You should hand in a report covering the following:

Select a suitable tree building algorithm and build a model. Describe how you split the data for training and testing purposes. Interpret the output results (what predictions have you obtained, which attributes were used to make the predictions, how many nodes and leaves you obtained).
Give a detailed technical description of the classification model (which algorithm is used, and what tree induction method is utilised). Include a diagram showing the structure of the model that you built.
If you vary the model parameters, show how this impacts the results:
Change the confidence factor to 35%, report any change in the model accuracy, explaining reasons behind the change.
Set the ‘REP’ parameter (Reduced Error Pruning) to ‘TRUE’. Explain the meaning of this operation. Report and explain any change in the model accuracy.
Set the parameter ‘unpruned’ to ‘TRUE’, Report and explain any change in the model accuracy and in the tree structure. Explain which pruning method for this algorithm is used.
Report on the model’s comparative ability to any base model of your choice (for example, logistic regression model), to predict a defaulted loan, and also on how easy it would be for the insurance company to understand the model.
Analyse and describe the level of accuracy the model achieves and the errors your model makes. Show a confusion matrix for the model and interpret it. Show a ROC curve for the decision as to whether or not a loan will be repaid.

I require the use of the WEKA tool software.
I would like the coursework to be in report structure. And the question of the uploaded file answered with headings.

GANTT CHART OF PROJECT SHEDULING MUST BE INCLUDED
AB PLAN FILE FOR REFERENCE ALSO UPLOADED
PURPOSE OF ASSIGNMENT The purpose of this assignment is to: ? Enable you application of your critical analysis attributes and demonstrate your understanding o f strategic, tactical and operational challenges facing modern project management (PM) profession within the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry ? Provide evidence of your ability to review and evaluate various organisational structures forming project environment of a complex (international) construction project ASSUMPTION: (1) you have been appointed the Construction Project Manager leading project team in managing construction of the Joe’s Burger Joint (JBJ) project in Geelong. Necessary design and project management information is provided in CloudDeakin (‘2016 T3 case project’ folder) (2) in your professional career you have been involved in numerous projects including Airlie Bank (AB) project, which was successfully delivered to expectations of all stakeholders (client’s specified quality, within specified environmental constraints, safety standards, efficient use of resources, etc). You decided to review its “Construction Management Plan (CMP)” and if feasible use it as a template for the JBJ project. ASSIGNMENT TASK Based on the above assumptions AND your analysis of (1) the Joe’s Burger Joint (JBJ) project in Geelong documentation and (2) the CMP for AB project your tasks are: • Discuss strategic, tactical and operational challenges of the AB project (some communicated in the CMP). Distinguish between project specific, parent organisation (a builder), industry (AEC) and PM discipline challenges • Speculate on feasible organizational structure for managing the AB project • Identify and reference project management techniques (tools) communicated in the CMP for AB project • Propose a draft version of the CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT PLAN for the Joe’s Burger Joint (JBJ) project in Geelong, which will include at least (1) table of contents and (2) one-paragraph instruction for each section and sub-section of the CMP draft. PLease include GANTT CHART done in microsoft project ..

https://www.transferbigfiles.com/5dc80e11-bfb0-4c5d-9fa1-b39b08452680/UnGayTBhjeq2hFdCGS_-6A2

Assignment#4 Instructions

The purpose of this paper is to propose a plan for population specific health care. In order to accomplish this, assignment 4 integrates work from the previous 3 papers into: 1) A description of a population specific health problem and relevant theory to frame your health issue, 2) A community level assessment of the extent and context of the health problem based on the region/city/location you chose, 3) at least 2 metrics capable of assessing improved or declining health outcomes/trends in your patient population – PLEASE INCLUDE A COPY OF THE PEER REVIEWED TOOLS YOU USE IN AN APPENDIX, 4) potential individual and community level interventions that can be used to improve the problem within the population. Your interventions/recommendations must follow from the metrics you chose. For example, if you chose to measure nutrition with a metric, your intervention/recommendation should be how to improve nutrition based on the findings from your metric.
Be sure to incorporate the feedback you have received on the earlier papers to strengthen your overall product.
Make sure to add strong conclusion at the end of your paper.
15 pages of text, title page and references not included in page limit.

Rubric
Assignment #4
Assignment #4
Criteria Ratings Pts
APA Format
view longer description
Full Marks
2.0 pts No Marks
0.0 pts
2.0 pts
Integrated review of the literature with a clear description of the health concern in this patient population. Full Marks
3.0 pts No Marks
0.0 pts
3.0 pts
Paper is clearly written, flows logically and is grammatically and syntactically correct. Full Marks
1.0 pts No Marks
0.0 pts
1.0 pts
Clear plan to improve health/health care of population. Follows directly from the metrics chosen to measure changes/improvement/decline in health of patient population. Clearly incorporated what you learned from the “Targeted Health Outcomes” lecture into your plan. Full Marks
5.0 pts No Marks
0.0 pts
5.0 pts
Clearly reviewed previous assignments and rewrote 1, 2, 3, or all of previous assignments based on these comments. Integrated assignments 1, 2, and 3 in this paper in a logical fashion. Full Marks
3.0 pts No Marks
0.0 pts
3.0 pts
Theoretical perspective clearly noted, explained, and it is an appropriate theory for the population and research question of concern Full Marks
2.0 pts No Marks
0.0 pts
2.0 pts
At least 2 metrics to measure outcomes/progress in your patient population. At least one of these metrics are from a peer-reviewed scientific paper, a physiological, behavioral, or self-report tool with validity and reliability statistics. Other metric can be clinical. Have attached your peer-reviewed tool. Full Marks
4.0 pts No Marks
0.0 pts
4.0 pts
Provide relevant percentages, numbers, and/or means to describe the magnitude of the health concern or issue or potential issue based on changing demographics from your chosen region/community. Full Marks
5.0 pts No Marks
0.0 pts
5.0 pts
Total Points: 25.0

PLEASE FIND BELOW PREVIOUS ASSIGNMENTS #1, 2. & 3

Assignment #1
For any population, there are certain health risks and conditions that may can be greater or more prevalent. The purpose of this assignment is to focus on a specific population, health risks, correlating factors, and a specific health problem. In order to accomplish this, there are four parts of information that will be provided. The first section will identify and describe the population of focus. In the second section, the health risks for this population will be described. Third, the factors that increase or decrease the risks for this population will be identified. Finally, in the fourth section, a specific health problem for this population will be identified and described.
Population
The population of focus will be the elderly, and the location will be in Harford County, Maryland. In this county in Maryland, there were an identified 15.1 percent of residents who are elderly, which accounts for those who are 65 years of age and older, in 2015. This 15.1 percent of elderly residents was an increase from just five years prior. According to research from the 2010 census, there were 12.5 percent of the Harford County residents who were 65 years old and older (Census.gov, 2016).
Health Risks
Because the elderly are weaker and have weaker body systems than those who are younger, there are several health risks that they face. One of these health risks is arthritis. Arthritis is a rheumatic condition that “…can affect the joints and surrounding connective tissues (muscles, tendons, and ligaments). These conditions are usually characterized by pain, aching, and stiffness in and around the joint” (Hootman et al., 2012, p. 426). Arthritis is noted to be the leading cause of disability in the elderly (Hootman et al., 2012).

Another health risk for the elderly is falls. For the elderly, it is important to note that there are several reason why the falls occur. One of the reasons why the elderly can be more likely to fall is medication. What this means is that there are certain medications that can make an elderly person more disoriented, and such disorientation can cause the elderly person to fall after taking the medication (Huang et al., 2012).
When an elderly person falls, there are more health risks that can result because of the fall. One of the categories of health risks associated with the effects of a fall is the group known as urological implications. These urological implications can include things like nocturia and prostatic hyperplasia (Schimke & Schimke, 2014).
Factors
There are several risk factors that can increase the chances of an elderly person falling. One of the risk factors is age. What this means for the elderly is that the older that they get, the more likely they are to fall. This occurs because there are more health problems and conditions that can compromise an elderly person’s ability to stay steady and to not fall over. This can be the result of neurological conditions, disorientation, and weak bones, to name a few (Schimke & Schimke, 2014).
A second risk factor that can make an elderly person more likely to fall is gender. According to research, women are more likely to fall than men. A third factor is a person’s style of walking. Research indicates that a person with an abnormal gait is more likely than others to fall. A fourth factor is vision. If a person has impaired vision, that person is going to be more likely to fall. A fifth risk factor is cognitive decline, as there is a negative correlation between cognitive state and a person’s likelihood of falling. This negative correlation means that the more the cognitive state declines, the more likely it is that person will fall. On the other hand, the better or higher cognitive state the person is in, the less likely he or she is to fall (Schimke & Schimke, 2014).
A sixth risk factor is nocturia, which refers to urinating at night. For this condition, a person would have to continually get up to go to the bathroom. The greater number of times that a person has to get up to go to the bathroom, the more likely it is that the person will fall. Especially at night, when a person wakes up to go to the bathroom, there can be greater disoriented the person is going to be, and the more disoriented, the greater the chances that the person will fall (Schimke & Schimke, 2014).
A seventh risk factor for the elderly that increases that person’s chances of falling is the history of falls. What this signifies is that if a person has fallen, it is more likely that the person will fall again. For a person who does not have a history of falls, it is less likely that the individual will fall (Schimke & Schimke, 2014).
Specific Health Problem
A specific health problem that exists for this population is falling. Therefore, the health problem of falls within this elderly population will serve as the focus for this report and all of its subsequent parts. Falls in the elderly could include anything from an elderly person tripping over something or simply losing his or her bearings and grip and falling to the floor. Falls in the elderly are especially problematic because they can cause severe injury and can even result in death.
Even though falls are common and a prevalent problem in the population of the elderly, there are some who are more at risk than others. The way that I would identify cases of people who are especially at risk is
References
Census.gov. (2016). QuickFacts: Harford County, Maryland. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved from https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/PST045215/24025
Hootman, J. M., Helmick, C. G., & Brady, T. J. (2012). A public health approach to addressing arthritis in older adults: The most common cause of disability. American Journal of Public Health, 102(3), 426-433.
Huang, A. R., Mallet, L., Rochefort, C. M., Eguale, T., Buckeridge, D. L., & Tamblyn, R. (2012). Medication-related falls in the elderly. Drugs and Aging, 29(5), 359-376.
Schimke, L. & Schimke, J. (2014). Urological implications of falls in the elderly: Lower urinary tract symptoms and alpha-blocker medications. Urologic Nursing, 34(5), 223-229.

#2

Running head: Assessing the Community Context and Significance

ASSIGNMENT#2

Assessing the Community Context and Significance

Assessing the Community Context and Significance
Whenever there is a population that is living in a city, state, or region, it is imperative that there be adequate resources available for that population. The purpose of this report is to analyze a specific population in a certain region in the United States. The population of focus will be the elderly, and the location will be in Harford County, Maryland. For this population, there are five areas of information that will be provided. The first section will provide a description of the community, which is Harford County, Maryland. In the second section, there will be a demographic description of the population of the elderly in Harford County. Third, there will be a discussion of the opportunities and challenges associated with the elderly receiving care in Harford County. Fourth, there will be a discussion of the extent of the health problem that has been chosen for this community. The health problem of focus will be falls in the elderly population. Finally, the fifth section will explain how the environment in Harford County increases or decreases risk for this population.
Description of Community
There is various demographic data on Harford County, Maryland. The population for Harford County, Maryland, in 2015 was 250,025. This population for this county is predicted to increase into 2020 and 2025. According to projections, the population for 2020 is projected to be 258,670. The population for 2025 is projected to be 265,100 (HarfordCountyMD.gov, 2015). In the population as of 2015, the breakdown of age groups is important. According to research, 22.7 percent of the population in Harford County was people 18 years old and younger. This was a decrease of nearly two percent, down from the 24.7 percent of Harford County population of those who were 18 years old and younger. Of the entire population, 15.1 percent was 65 years of age and older. This was an increase of nearly 3 percent, up from the 12.5 percent of those 65 years of age and older that lived in Harford County in 2010 (Census.gov, 2016).
The majority of people living in Harford County, Maryland are educated. According to research, 92.9 percent of the county’ residents age 25 and older between the years of 2010 and 2014 were high school graduates. Also during this same period for those 25 years of age and older, 33.4 percent had a bachelor’s degree or higher (Census.gov, 2016).
To correlate with the population, there were 93,358 households in Harford County, Maryland in 2015. The projected number of households in 2020 is 97,892, and the projected number for 2025 is 101,689. Additionally, the median household income for Harford County, Maryland between 2009 and 2013 was $80,622 (HarfordCountyMD.gov, 2015).
Description of Population Living in Community
The population of focus is the elderly. According to research, 15.1 percent of the residents in Harford County, Maryland were 654 years of age and older, thus qualifying them as elderly (Census.gov, 2016).
Opportunities and Challenges to Receive Care
In Harford County, Maryland, there are several opportunities and challenges that are associated with the elderly population receiving care.
Opportunities
One set of opportunities for the elderly receiving care in Harford County, Maryland consists of the resources that are available to or accessible for them. In even just a preliminary research, there are ample resources that can be found. Some of the resources are as follows: American Association of Retired Persons (AARP), Adult Day Care Services, Bel Air Workforce Center, Chimes, Family and Children’s Services of Central Maryland, Getting There Ride Share, Gilchrist Hospice Care, Harford Community College, Harford County Office on Aging Department of Community Services, Harford County Office on Aging Senior Activity Centers, Harford Transit LINK, Hospital Outreach Program (HOP), Legal Aid Bureau Maryland Senior Legal Hotline, Legal Air Bureau Sixty Plus Legal Program, Maryland Foundation of Dentistry for the Handicapped, Maryland Pharmacy Program, Meals on Wheels, Medicaid Long-Term Care Program, Medical Assistance Transportation, and Senior Citizen Meal Programs (HarfordCountyMD.gov, 2015).
In Harford County, there are various facilities that the seniors can go to receive care and services. In terms of hospitals, there are UM Upper Chesapeake Hospital, UM Harford Memorial Hospital, and UMD Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology. There are also three senior centers: McFaul Activity Center, Highland Senior Citizens Center, and Edgewood Senior Activities Center (HarfordCountyMD.gov, 2015).
With the number of facilities and organizations that are available for seniors to receive care and treatment, it is up to either the seniors or a loved one of these individuals to find the resources. If the seniors do not know about the resources, then there is no way for them to effectively use them. But, if they are aware that these facilities and organizations exist, then can utilize them regularly. In addition to these numerous resources that are available to the elderly population to receive care, there is another opportunity that exists. This additional opportunity is that there can be more facilities established that are more of a one-stop shop for seniors. For example, there can be facilities just for seniors that provide them with a variety of services, such as health exams and dental services. If these services are just for seniors and are located in one facility, it can be easier for seniors to go and get all the services they need.
Even though there are numerous resources available to the seniors to receive care, there are also problems that exist in association with them. One of the major problems is transportation, meaning how the seniors get from point A to point B (Census.gov, 2016). There is a transportation service that the seniors can use so that they do not have to rely on friends or a family member to take them wherever they have to go, but some of the seniors may not even know that such a transportation service exists. Other seniors may know that the transportation service exists, but they just may not feel comfortable with a stranger or someone they do not know taking driving them where they have to go (Census.gov, 2016). .
A second problem that exists in association with the resources that are available is the cost. Of course, there is Medicaid, which can pay for many or most of the services that the seniors need, but Medicaid does not pay for everything. Therefore, whatever Medicaid or the health insurance company does not cover, the seniors will be responsible for paying for the treatment or services out of their own pockets. This can become very expensive for them. And, what makes this even worse is that most seniors do not have a source of income, for many of them are out of work and are retired.
Extent of Health Problem
As stated in the introduction, the problem of focus is patient falls in the elderly. This health problem is a very important one for this population. The reason why it is such a large problem is that, based on research findings, millions of senior citizens fall each year. Of those who fall, less than half are found to tell their doctors. Additional research indicates that once a person falls, especially a senior, that individual is twice as likely to fall again (CDC.gov, 2016).
In addition to patient falls being a major problem in the senior population because of the number of falls that occur in this population each year, there are other reasons. One of the reasons why the problem is so major is that when members of the elderly population fall, they are more likely than a younger person to have broken bones or head injury. Furthermore, research indicates that 2.8 million seniors are admitted to the Emergency Room (ER) each year for injuries related to falls (CDC.gov, 2016). In addition to ER visits, more than 800,000 senior patients are hospitalized each year because of head and other injuries from falls. There are also 300,000 seniors who are hospitalized each year for hip injuries related to falls. Statistically is understandable in conjunction with the research finding that 95 percent of hip fractures are (CDC.gov, 2016, p. 1). Moreover, in the year 2014, reported falls nationwide with injuries were 147,314 (CDC.gov, 2016).
Risks
Because older adults can be likely to fall, it is important to know what puts them at greater risk for falls. Research indicates that risk factors for falls in seniors include environmental hazards, stairways without handrails, dark & cluster hallways, area rugs, wet surfaces, having cognitive impairment, certain medications cause dizziness, computer cords and phone wires being waking pathway (NIH.gov, 2016). An older adults living at home faces many challenges for fall especially when no relatives or support system near bye. Some of those challenges that may cause them to fall are unarranged furniture, bathroom without grab bars, not having on non-skid stocks, trying to reach for things that are not in reach (NIH.gov, 2016). In addition, there are some seniors with weak (osteoporosis), acute or chronic health conditions and alcohol intoxication will trouble balance and causes fall for those older adults who drink (NIH.gov, 2016).
References
CDC.gov. (2016). Important facts about falls. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/homeandrecreationalsafety/falls/adultfalls.html
Census.gov. (2016). Quick Facts: Harford County, Maryland. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved from https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/PST045215/24025
HarfordCountyMD.gov. (2015). Data & demographics. Harford County, Maryland. Retrieved from https://www.harfordcountymd.gov/564/Data-Demographics
https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/publi https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6537a2.htm#T2_downcation/falls-and-fractures
ASSIGNMENT #3

ASSIGNMENT # 3
Health Outcome Metrics for Older Adults at Risk of Fall

Health Outcome Metrics for Older Adults at Risk of fall
Falls and related risks remain an important impediment to the quality of life among the elderly in Harford County, Maryland. An intervention targeting reduction in falls among this demographic group must use evidence-based strategies of measuring its outcomes. As indicated in my previous assignments, the focus of the paper is of falls among the elderly. When analyzing the effect of an intervention for a specific population, it is essential to use standardized metrics. The following tools can be used to the assess risk of falling among the elderly.
Morse Fall Risk Scale
This 6-item index is used to identify risk of falling among the elderly. Although it is mostly used in assessing risks of falls among hospitalized individuals, it can also be used to assess the risks in home dwelling adults. The index consists of six items including, mental status, and gait, use of intravenous therapy, ambulatory aids, secondary diagnosis and fall history. The score can range from between 125 and 0, with a score of more than 16 being an indicator of high fall risk (Yoost & Crawford, 2015, p. 595). Adults who score high on the scale are likely to have a high risk of falling. Therefore, a reduction in the scoring represents better health outcomes. The evaluation can be conducted weekly or monthly to determine the progress of the patient. Validity and reliability of the instrument has been established, with the interrater reliability score being 0.96. Sensitivity and specificity is around 79% and 50% respectively (Yoost & Crawford, 2015). Thus, the item should be coupled with other instruments during risk assessment due to its low specificity (Foster & Prevost, 2012).
The Hendrich II Fall Risk Model
The Hendrich II Fall Risk Model is mostly administered to determine the risk of falling based on known fall risks. These risks include medications, dizziness symptoms, emotional status, mental status and gender (Foster & Prevost, 2012). The instrument is essential for assessing primary causes of falls and development of programs to reduce risk of secondary falls. It comprises of 11 items that are differently scored by the evaluator. It also consists of a balance and gait items designed to determine the risk of falls. When scoring, a score greater than five indicates high risk of falls. Positive health outcomes can be indicated by a decrease in total score. The tool is administered after a fall to determine the risk factor for consequent falls. It is highly specific and sensitive with scores of 73.9% and 74.9% respectively. The relationship between the items on the scale and risk factors is statistically significant (p<0.0001) (Foster & Prevost, 2012, p. 45).
Timed Up and Go Test
Another test that can be used to identify elderly people with high fall risk is the Timed Up and Go Test. An evaluator times (seconds) a patient when performing various maneuvers. The first maneuver involves “sitting, standing, walking three meters, turning around, walking back, and sitting again (Barry, et al., 2014, p. 12).” The second maneuver involves counting selected numbers backward while performing the first maneuver. The third maneuver requires a person to complete the first task while holding a cup full of water (Barry et al., 2014). The more time one takes to complete the tasks means that the person is more dependent and therefore at a high risk of falling, as functional mobility is correlated with task completion time. A decrease task completion time indicates that the health outcome of the patient is increasing. The test has a high interrater reliability (r=0.99), high specificity (87%) and high sensitivity (87%). Thus, the instrument can be used to identify elderly people who at high risk of falling (Barry et al., 2014).
Potential Individual and Community Changes to Reduce Falls
Interventions to reduce severity and number of falls among elderly in Harford County, Maryland, depend on the risk factors. In most cases psychotic medications, muscle weakness, fall hazards and age are some of the most important risk factors (Verma et al., 2016). The most important individualize intervention is exercise (Cannard, 2011). Exercise programs can be implemented to improve muscle strength in the elderly. This may involve the incorporation of exercise interventions such as Tai Chi that strengthens muscles. Other interventions include reduction in intake of anti-psychotic drugs, provision of vitamin D supplements and removal of fall hazards from the homes of the elderly. Fall rates can also be reducing by conducting comprehensive screening, fall education followed by interventions to remove hazards (Cannard, 2011). Educating elderly and family member about falls and having volunteers run errands for the elderly so that they do not have to do them themselves and using assistance device to walk are some intervention to reduce falls (CDC.gov, 2016)

Conclusion
With every intervention, there is a need for evaluation to determine the effectiveness of the intervention. As indicated earlier, the current paper was concerned with assessing health outcomes among elderly people, in relation to falls and risk of falling. Three items were identified, the Morse Fall Risk Scale, the Hendrich II Fall Risk Model and Timed Up and Go Test. These three tools have high levels of reliability and validity and can successfully assess fall risk among elderly living in assisted care facilities and community dwellings.
References
Barry, E., Galvin, R., Keogh, C., Horgan, F., & Fahey, T. (2014). Is the Timed Up and Go test a useful predictor of risk of falls in community dwelling older adults: a systematic review and meta- analysis. BMC Geriatrics , 4 (14), 1-14.
Cannard, G. (2011). Fall prevention for older people: A survival guide. London, UK: Paragon Publishing.
Foster, J., & Prevost, S. (2012). Advanced practice nursing of adults in acute care. New York: FA Davis.
Verma, K., Willetts, J., Corns, H., Marucci-Wellman, J., Lombardi, D., & Courtney, T. (2016). Falls and Fall-Related Injuries among Community-Dwelling Adults in the United States. PLOS ONE , 11 (3), e01150939.
Yoost, B., & Crawford, L. (2015). Fundamentals of nursing: Active learning for collaborative practice. New York: Elsevier Health Sciences.
https://www.cdc.gov/steadi/pdf/steadi_pocketguide_1in4-a.pdf

Module 3 – Case Writer: please write 3 pages for this assignment

Real-World Disasters: H1N1 Pandemic (2009), Earthquake in Haiti (2010)
Assignment Overview

The pandemic influenza of 2009 caused by H1N1 Influenza A was the first pandemic of the 21st century after more than 40 years of occurrence. The last time such a pandemic occurred was in 1968. One of the major public health interventions that the CDC promoted in combating the pandemic was social distancing measures.

Case Assignment
1.Describe different social distancing measures that could be taken at homes, schools, and communities to mitigate the impact of a pandemic.
2.Describe the use of personal communication devices with social distancing situations.

Read the following materials to assist you in your answers.

Glass, R. J., Glass, L. M., Beyeler, W. E., & Min, H. (2006). Targeted social distancing design for Pandemic Influenza. Emerging Infectious Diseases 12(11). Retrieved from https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/12/11/06-0255_article.htm [classic]

Risk Communication in the Early Stages of the H1N1 (Swine Flu) Alert How Effective Were State and Local Public Health Departments? https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9466/index1.html

Updated Interim Recommendations for the Use of Antiviral Medications in the Treatment and Prevention of Influenza for the 2009-2010 Season, January 28, 2010, California Department of Public Health. https://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/discond/Documents/CDPH-H1N1AntiviralRec.pdf

Assignment Expectations

Length: This Case Assignment should be at least 3–4 pages (not counting the title page and references).

References: At least two references should be included from academic sources (e.g., peer-reviewed journal articles). Required readings are included. Quoted material should not exceed 10% of the total paper (since the focus of these assignments is critical thinking). Use your own words and build on the ideas of others. When material is copied verbatim from external sources, it MUST be enclosed in quotes. The references should be cited within the text and also listed at the end of the assignment in the References section (preferably in APA format).

Organization: Subheadings should be used to organize your paper according to question.

Grammar and Spelling: While no points are deducted for minor errors, assignments are expected to adhere to standard guidelines of grammar, spelling, punctuation, and sentence syntax. Points may be deducted if grammar and spelling impact clarity.

The following items will be assessed in particular:
•Relevance: All content is connected to the question.
•Precision: Specific question is addressed. Statements, facts, and statistics are specific and accurate.
•Depth of discussion: Points that lead to deeper issues are presented and integrated.
•Breadth: Multiple perspectives and references, and multiple issues and factors are considered.
•Evidence: Points are well-supported with facts, statistics, and references.
•Logic: Presented discussion makes sense, and conclusions are logically supported by premises, statements, or factual information.
•Clarity: Writing is concise and understandable, and contains sufficient detail or examples.
•Objectivity: Writing avoids subjective bias and use of the first person.

Module 3 – SLP ( Wtiter: Please write 2 pages for this assignment

Real-World Disasters: H1N1 Pandemic (2009), Earthquake in Haiti (2010)
Assume that you are a public health officer deployed to assist public health efforts in the Island nation of Haiti following the massive earthquake that rocked the Island nation in January 2010.

Read the following materials and analyze the strengths and room for improvement in the public health system you encounter as you walk on the rubble left by the earthquake.

Dowell, S. F., Tappero, J. W., & Frieden, T. R. (2011). Public health in Haiti—Challenges and progress, New England Journal of Medicine, 364, 300-301. Retrieved from https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1100118

Cyen. (2010). Definition of disaster. Disaster Management Notes and Questions.pdf

Granitz, P. (2014). Four years after earthquake, many in Haiti remain displaced.NPR. Retrieved from https://www.npr.org/2014/01/12/261723409/four-years-after-earthquake-many-in-haiti-remain-displaced

SLP Assignment Expectations

Length: This Session Long Project should be at least 2–4 pages (not counting the title page and references).

References: At least two references should be included from academic sources (e.g., peer-reviewed journal articles). Required readings are included. Quoted material should not exceed 10% of the total paper (since the focus of these assignments is critical thinking). Use your own words and build on the ideas of others. When material is copied verbatim from external sources, it MUST be enclosed in quotes. The references should be cited within the text and also listed at the end of the assignment in the References section (preferably in APA format).

Organization: Subheadings should be used to organize your paper according to question.

Transfer Pricing and Responsibility Centers

Case Assignment

Coffee Maker’s Incorporated (CMI)

Two divisions of a CMI are involved in a dispute. Division A purchases Part 101 and Division B purchases Part 201 from a third division, C. Both divisions need the parts for products that they assemble. The intercompany transactions have remained constant for several years.

Recently, outside suppliers have lowered their prices, but Division C is not lowering its prices. In addition, all division managers are feeling the pressure to increase profit. Managers of divisions A and B would like the flexibility to purchase the parts they need from external parties to lower cost and increase profitability.

The current pattern is that Division A purchases 3,000 units of product part 101 from Division C (the supplying division) and another 1,000 units from an external supplier. The market price for Part 101 is $900 per unit. Division B purchases 1,000 units of Part 201 from Division C and another 500 units from an external supplier. Note that both divisions A and B purchase the needed supplies from both the internal source and an external source at the same time.

The managers for divisions A and B are preparing a new proposal for consideration.
•Division C will continue to produce Parts 101 and 201. All of its production will be sold to Divisions A and B. No other customers are likely to be found for these products in the short term, given that supply is greater than demand in the market.
•Division C will manufacture 2,000 units of Part 101 for the Division A and 500 units of Part 201 for the Division B.
•Division A will buy 2,000 units of Part 101 from Division C and 2,000 units from an external supplier at $900 per unit.
•Division B will buy 500 units of Part 201 from Division C and 1,000 units from an external supplier at $1,900 per unit.

Division C Data 2014 Based on the Current Agreement

Part 101 201
Direct materials $200 $300
Direct labor $200 $300
Variable overhead $300 $600
Transfer price $1,000 $2,000
Annual volume 3,000 units 1,000 units

Required:

Computations (use Excel)
•Set up a table similar the one below to compute the difference between the current situation and the proposal for Divisions A and B. Design a different table for Division C.

Division A
Current Situation Proposal
No. of Units Purchase Price Total Purchases No. of Units Purchase Price Total Purchases
Internal purchases 3,000 $ 2,000 $
External purchases 1,000 2,000

Total cost for part 101 $ $

Savings to Div. A $

•Summarize the financial effects for the three divisions and the company as a whole in another table.

Memo (use Word)

Write a 4- or 5-paragraph memo to the division manager explaining the analysis performed. Start with an introduction and end with a recommendation. Each of the four or five paragraphs should have a heading.

Short Essay (use Word) Start with an introduction and end with a summary or conclusion. Use headings.

•Evaluate and discuss the implications of the following transfer pricing policies:

Transfer price = cost plus a mark-up for the selling division

Transfer price = fair market value

Transfer price = price negotiated by the managers

Why is transfer pricing such a significant issue both from a financial and managerial perspective?

Assignment Expectations

Each submission should include two files: (1) An Excel file; and (2) A Word document. The Word document shows the memo first and short essay last. Assume a knowledgeable business audience and use required format and length. Individuals in business are busy and want information presented in an organized and concise manner.

Module 3 – SLP Writer: please write 2 pages for this assignment, you have case 1 and case 2 slp to help write this case 3 assignment

Transfer Pricing and Responsibility Centers

Third part of the presentation. See background information for the module one SLP.

Required:

Include the following items in your presentation.

•The organization is currently centralized, but is reviewing options to put a decentralized structure in place.
•You are asked to comment on responsibility centers and their functions.
•Cost centers can be a drain on an organization. Do you have any thoughts about limiting the number of cost centers and control costs? Present specific ideas.

SLP Assignment Expectations

Submit a Power Point presentation or a Word Document. A Power Presentation should have no more than six slides and a Word document cannot exceed two pages. Use words, tables, and graphs to make a succinct presentation. Document all sources and provide links at the end. It is acceptable to add another slide or page to list the sources.