Original work only … due Saturday 01/18/2020 at 9pm … read the assignment, see the standards … 1 to 2 pages … (looking for at least 1 1/2) if you can not help and produce on time or before please do not respond. No plagiarism, no cut and paste … will be checked. Thank You ! 

Explain how to plan out writing a report. Explain the importance of writing accurate and factual reports.  Explain the importance of not using superfluous words or legalese.  

Write a brief report about a simple traffic stop. You are the officer. Remember the report should have dates, times, location names of people involved in the incident, description of incident and how the incident was ended or resolved. Explain your answer and support with research. 

Intervention Plan Annotated Bibliography

Prior to beginning work on this assignment carefully review the CRJ620 Intervention Plan Scenarios and choose one that will be the topic for all the assignments related to your Intervention Plan in Week Six. Review the complete instructions for the Final Paper, Intervention Plan, in Week Six of the course.

The purpose of this assignment is to assist you in developing research analysis skills including critical thinking, writing, and literature research skills. This annotated bibliography assignment will provide you with an opportunity to locate resources for your Intervention Plan in Week Six.(There is a Sample Annotated Bibliography (Links to an external site.) in the Ashford Writing Center for additional assistance.)

For this annotated bibliography, you will research a minimum of nine sources in total, including at least one each of the following types: peer-reviewed articles, scholarly resources, and professional resources that are considered to have reliable information. (Professional resources exclude popular news sources (e.g., Newsweek, Time, People, New York Times, and any television news source) and online open sourced materials like Wikipedia.) At least six of your sources must have been published within the last ten years with at least three from the Ashford University Library.

Each scenario has a list of resources including news articles providing documented facets of the scenarios. The resources provided with your chosen scenario are permitted to be used as sources for your Intervention Plan, but news articles (even those included with the scenarios) are not permitted for use in the Annotated Bibliography assignment. Thus, it will be necessary to expand into more generalized research in law enforcement or corrections as it relates to your chosen scenario. For this assignment, you are researching for the Intervention plan so locating sources on the following topics specifically related to law enforcement or corrections may prove valuable: management and leadership, corruption, ethics, human resources, professional development, communication, media, community relationships and other topics specifically covered in the Intervention Plan. (Access the MSCJ Professional Sources guide  (Links to an external site.) for additional assistance with finding appropriate resources.)

The annotated bibliography must include the following for each source.

• Create a complete APA formatted citation.
• Create an annotation that summarizes the information provided in the full article.
• It may be helpful to ask the following questions while synthesizing this information.
  • Who is/are the author(s)?
  • What was done within the study? (e.g., An experimental study was completed investigating the interaction of short-term memory and attention.)
  • Who are the subjects of the study?
  • How was it done?
  • What were the major findings?
  • What contributions to the literature were made? (e.g., new findings, applications, etc.)
  • How does this information relate to the Intervention Plan assignment?

The Intervention Plan Annotated Bibliography

• Must be three to five double-spaced pages in length (not including title and references pages) and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center (Links to an external site.).
• Must include a separate title page with the following:
  • Title of paper
  • Students name
  • Course name and number
  • Instructors name
  • Date submitted
• Must use at least nine scholarly and/or professional sources, six sources published within the last ten years, and at least three from the Ashford University Library.
• Must document all sources in APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
• Must include a separate references page that is formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.

Carefully review the Grading Rubric (Links to an external site.) for the criteria that will be used to evaluate your assignment.

Can it be categorized?  

Can It Be Categorized?

In a 1-2 page paper, choose one of the fraud categories discussed in Chapter 3 and 4. With the opportunity perspective in mind, describe the objectives which act as motivators for this crime.  Chapter 3

 

Chapter Three Summary

• To introduce students to the nature of crime in lower-class occupations, in this chapter, attention was given to the crimes occurring in the following systems: (1) employee theft in the retail system, (2) crimes in the entertainment service system, (3) fraud in the sales/ service system, and (4) insurance system.
• Several different varieties of employee theft in retail settings occur. Here are some examples: overcharging, shortchanging, coupon stuffing, credits for nonexistent returns, theft of production supplies and raw materials, embezzlement, over-ordering supplies, theft of credit card information, theft of goods, theft of money from the cash register, and sweetheart deals.
• Employee theft prevention strategies include (a) importation strategies, (b) internal strategies, (c) technological strategies, (d) (c) technological strategies, (d) organizational culture strategies, and (e) awareness strategies.
• In considering crimes in the restaurant industry, two broad categories can be highlighted: crimes by the restaurant against consumers and crimes by workers against the restaurant.
• The most common types of home repair fraud are believed to be roof repair, asphalt paving or driveway sealing fraud, house painting fraud, termite and pest control fraud, and tree pruning and landscaping fraud.
• Auto repair fraud includes billing for services not provided, unnecessary repairs, airbag fraud, and insurance fraud.
• Insurance crimes are rarely studied for two reasons: (1) They are hard to understand, and (2) people dont typically know when they have been victimized by insurance crimes (Ericson & Doyle, 2006).
• Four different categories of insurance crimes by workers in the insurance system exist: (1) crimes by agents against the insurance company, (2) investment-focused crimes, (3) theft crimes against consumers, and (4) sales-directed crimes against consumers.
• Estimates suggest that insurance fraud collectively raises the yearly cost of premiums by $ 300 for the average household (FBI, 2010b).
•  For individuals victimized by these offenses, the consequences of insurance crimes can be particularly devastating.
• Industry insiders attribute the insurance offenses to either rotten apple explanations or they engage in victim blaming (Ericson & Doyle, 2006).
• Ericson and Doyle (2006) point out that insurance crimes are institutionalized in the industry by the practices and strategies encouraged among insurance employees.

References

Payne, B. K. (2013). White-collar crime: The essentials. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.

Chapter 4                    

Chapter Four Summary

• In general, categories of crimes committed by health care providers include fraud by doctors, fraud by pharmacists, drug use, unnecessary surgery, medication errors, sexual abuse, elder abuse, home health care fraud, and medical malpractice.
• Sutherland implied that doctors were unlikely to engage in white-collar crime, and as a result, Sutherland gave only scant attention to doctors [and] maintained that physicians were probably more honest than other professionals (Wilson et al., 1986).
• The most pervasive form of fraud committed by doctors entails the commission of Medicare and Medicaid fraud and abuse.
• Fraud refers to intentionally criminal behaviors by physicians, whereas abuse focuses on unintentional misuse of program funds.
• Several specific forms of fraud and abuse exist, including phantom treatment, substitute providers, upcoding, provision of unnecessary services, misrepresenting services, falsifying records, overcharging patients, unbundling, pingponging, ganging, kickbacks, co-pay waivers, and medical snowballing.
• Briefly, mental health professionals often bill for time, whereas other professionals bill for more complicated medical procedures. For investigators, it is much easier to prove time violations than treatment violations.
• Research shows that when females are accused of health care fraud, they tend to be accused along with other providers more than male offenders are (Payne, 1995). Explanations for fraud have focused on structural explanations, socialization factors, and enforcement dynamics.
• It is estimated that 7.5 million unnecessary surgeries and medical procedures occur annually, and 12,000 Americans are killed each year from these unnecessary surgeries (Black, 2005).
• At least six overlapping reasons help explain the pervasiveness of unnecessary surgeries: differing opinions, stigma, trust of health care, lack of trust of insurance companies, medicalized socialization, and conflict explanations.
• Many severe consequences may arise from unnecessary surgeries.
• Medication errors occur when health care providers deliver or prescribe the wrong medications to patients.
• Public Citizen has identified 16 varieties of misconduct by physicians. The group believes that variations in sanctions for violations across states can be attributed to differences in the way state medical boards sanction offenders.
• Eight types of prescription fraud are generic drug substitution, overbilling, double billing, billing for nonexistent prescriptions, short counting, mislabeling, delivery of a controlled substance, and illegally buying prescriptions.
• The following types of elder abuse can be seen as white-collar crimes: (1) elder physical abuse, (2) elder financial abuse, (3) elder neglect, (4) elder sexual abuse, and (5) failure to report crimes.
• Types of home health care fraud include providing unnecessary services, billing the system for services that were not provided to the client, overcharging, forgery, negative charting, substitute workers, double billing, and kickbacks.
• Medical malpractice refers to situations where health care providers perform negligent care and/ or injure patients. Patients can seek recourse by filing medical malpractice insurance claims against the providers insurance company or by filing a lawsuit against the provider.

References

Payne, B. K. (2013). White-collar crime: The essentials. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.