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1- Research Proposals for PhD and Research Degree Applications
1- ((The importance of professional specialization of the External Auditor and It is impact on the quality of performance in the audit services))
2- ((Switch to accounting standards and international auditing standards in Saudi Arabia in 2017))
A research proposal is a statement of around 3,000-4,000 words that tells us what you want to research, how you will do it, and why it is important.
What We Look For
Your research proposal should clearly indicate the area you want to study and demonstrate your ability to develop and execute a three year (full-time) or five year (part-time/distance learning) degree programme of independent research.
It does not matter if you are not completely sure about certain aspects of your proposal at this stage, but we will look for evidence that you:
· know the broad field of research
· have read a fair amount of relevant literature
· can make a convincing case for the topic you are proposing
· have a good grasp of the appropriate methodology to investigate this topic
Research proposals for applications to PhD and other research degree programmes should be between 3,000 and 4,000 words – excluding the timetable and references. Applicants are encouraged to use the suggested structure below when drafing their research proposal
1. Working Title
Your title should summarise the main idea of the proposal simply. You may want to use a title and a subtitle, separated by a colon.
· Suggested Word Count: 15
2. Context
Explain the academic context from which your research emerges. This applies both to theoretical and empirical research. This should involve a critical review of the existing theoretical and/or empirical literature(/s) as appropriate.
The important thing to establish here is the extent to which your proposed thesis research makes a contribution – i.e., adds something theoretical, conceptual, methodological and/or empirical which is not already offered in this literature(s). This section should therefore introduce the issues that will be addressed by your research questions, and explain the importance of the research to others. In other words, it should establish the rationale for your proposed thesis, and should therefore proceed smoothly into Research Questions or Aims.
· Suggested Word Count: 750-1,000
3. Research Questions or Aims
Provide a statement of your research question/aim, ideally in the form of a central over-arching question/aim and two or three sub-questions/aims.
Your research questions/aims can appear in any form, and certainly do not need to be expressed in the form of testable hypotheses. Do ensure however that they are sufficiently narrow – one of the reasons why many research degree applications are not successful is because the terrain outlined in the relevant proposal is simply too broad for a doctoral project. Please also remember that the research degree thesis is first and foremost an academic endeavour, not a consultancy or applied research project.
· Suggested Word Count: 100-300
4a. Empirical Research Methods
This section should outline the empirical work you plan to undertake, if relevant. You may also want to refer to other exemplary empirical studies from which you have taken your inspiration.
You should identify the method or methods you propose to use, and justify these choices – i.e., explain why this method is being used in preference to others. You should also provide details of your proposed sample/s (numbers of respondents and type of sample) and/or secondary data sets, and again offer justification for these choices. Further you should indicate how and why you will achieve empirical access, if this is a pertinent issue. Finally you may also indicate the status of the data you will gather – e.g., to what extent will these data capture or mirror the ‘reality’ of the phenomena under examination? how objective can you as a researcher expect to be?, and so on.
You will certainly need to refer to the literature on research methods. Please also be aware that another reason why many applicants are rejected at proposal stage is because they fail to offer sufficient detail of their proposed methodology, or indeed to defend the choices they have made, or to demonstrate any engagement with the relevant literature in this regard.
· Suggested Word Count: 750-1,000
4b. Theoretical Research
For those applicants who wish to undertake theoretical research where neither primary nor secondary data will be used, the methods section above should be replaced with a section which explains exactly how the relevant theory will be cross-examined in order to answer the research questions.
Theoretical research typically involves an analysis of a chosen research issue/question which engages critically with appropriate theorists or theoretical traditions. You should explain what these traditions or theorists are and why they have been selected to address your research question.
· Suggested Word Count: 750-1,000
5. Reflections
Here you should include reflections on potential practical and empirical obstacles, conceptual/theoretical problems and difficulties, ethics, your own perspective on the issues at hand – and how these issues may impact on your studies.
One of the things all Schools/Departments look for in a potential postgraduate researcher is an awareness of some of the challenges they will face in progressing their proposed thesis project and of the extent to which these represent unavoidable limitations.
· Suggested Word Count: 300-500
6. Conclusions
This should be a very brief wrap-up of your proposed thesis project, which summarizes its key contributions and how you intend to realize them.
· Suggested Word Count: 100-200
7. Research Timetable
A brief outline of the timetable for completion of the thesis, remembering that activities can run concurrently and ensuring you include any mandatory research training. Ideally this timetable should be presented in three month segments.
8. References
A list of all works referred to in your proposal. Quality is more important than quantity, demonstrating engagement with relevant literatures, both subject-specific and methodological, as appropriate.
Length
Your research proposal should be between 3,000 and 4,000 words – excluding your timetable and references.
Your research proposal forms a very important part of your application and applicants are encouraged to draft this separately before completing the application form itself
2- Personal Statements
In many cases it is not necessary to submit a full research proposal with your application – in these cases you should instead provide a short personal statement.
Your personal statement should tell us why you are applying for a research degree and about any relevant research experience you might have.
Structure
How you structure your personal statement is up to you – but you may find it helpful to follow the advice below:
1. Identify the area you would like to work in – programme description will tell you whether you need to:
i. identify the research group/section/theme that you want work in, and/or
ii. identify members of staff whose research interests are compatible with the area you want to work in
Briefly explain why you would like to undertake research in this field
Give a short description of any research projects that you have undertaken – for example, as part of a previous degree
List any academic work you have published or which is currently in press awaiting publication
Your application form will tell us about your academic background and employment history – so there is no need to repeat this in your personal statement. However, you may wish to include relevant information not covered elsewhere in your application – for example, any research skills training that you have undertaken.
Length
Your personal statement should be quite brief – we would suggest that 1,000 words is sufficent.
Your personal statement forms a very important part of your application and applicants are encouraged to draft this separately before completing the application form itself.
