Category: Mathematics

Assignment: Interpreting Frequencies and SPSS Installation

Collecting data from a large number of participants can be a very daunting task. How do researchers make sense of all of that information and summarize it to be more meaningful? One way is by creating frequency distributions, or by visually organizing the number of times each score in a data set occurs. Researchers present the frequency distribution in a table as a way to organize large amounts of data. You will also see frequency distributions displayed graphically, using histograms, bar graphs, or frequency polygons.

This Application will allow you to practice organizing a data set by calculating and describing the frequency, relative frequency, and percent of the number of snacks 30 people eat in a week.

You will also be asked to document that you have installed and tested the SPSS software that you will begin using in Week 2. Be sure to watch this weeks instructional videos in the Resources Folder before beginning your Application Assignment.

Assignment 1 Part I:

Download the Data Table Template found in this weeks Learning Resources and the data set that you will use for this Assignment from the Weekly Data Set forum found in the Discussions area of the course navigation menu. Fill in the cells of the table by listing the frequency of each value from the data set, the relative frequency of each value, and the percent of each value. Your computed relative frequency and percent might not equal exactly 1.0 and 100%, respectively, due to rounding error. Then respond to the five additional questions in the template. Note: Be sure to fully explain how you arrived at your answers and support your responses with evidence from the text and Learning Resources. Provide an APA reference list.

Explain how you computed the Frequency of Value column.

Explain how you computed the Relative Frequency of Value column.

Explain how you computed the Percent of Value column.

What is the combined relative frequency of the odd-numbered values? Explain your calculation and what the result tells you about thenumber of snacks this sample eats in a week.

What is the cumulative frequency of values falling at or below 5? Explain your calculation and what the result tells you about the number of snacks this sample eats in a week.

Assignment 1 Part II:

Install the SPSS software on your computer using the links and instructions provided in the Required Resources Media section of the Week 1 Learning Resources folder.

Next, watch the SPSS Tutorial: SPSS Overview.

After successfully installing the software and viewing the tutorial, open SPSS and be sure you can type in numbers. It does not matter what you type in, as you are not required to use SPSS for computation this week, but enter some numbers and click around to be sure the software is functioning.

Be sure to contact your instructor immediately if you have any trouble installing or using the SPSS software. You will lose your 5 points if its evident that you havent installed and tested the software this week and you lose the right to request more time to complete any future Assignments that involve SPSS if you havent done the install and / or contacted your instructor immediately to report any issues.

Once you have installed and tested SPSS, type your name in the affidavit section at the bottom of the data table template you used in Part I.

By Day 7

Submit your completed data table and answers. Be sure to fully explain how you arrived at your answers and support your responses with evidence from the text and Learning Resources. Provide an APA reference list.

Submission and Grading Information

To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:

Please save your Assignment using the naming convention WK1Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension) as the name.

Click the Week 1 Assignment Rubric to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.

Click the Week 1 Assignment link. You will also be able to View Rubric for grading criteria from this area.

Next, from the Attach File area, click on the Browse My Computer button. Find the document you saved as WK1Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension) and click Open.

If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database.

Click on the Submit button to complete your submission.

 

The discussion board this week draws upon the advanced work you’ve done in preparing for week 9. Public opinion polls are very common. The media makes regular use of this concept. We’ve all seen, and read the results.

• Do we understand what the results mean?
• Does it make a difference in what we do?
• How we react?

The discussion question is: 

Quinnipiac University reported the results of a recent poll (February 20) for the pending 2020 Michigan Senatorial election race. Assume this for those most likely to vote. Here are the following results:

Peters (D)45%James (R)39%

Assume all of this was with a 4% margin of error. What does this mean to you? Why is the comment of those most likely to vote important?

Instructions

See Problem 3-17 on page 101 of the textbook. Kenneth Brown is facing three alternatives with two possible outcomesa favorable or an unfavorable marketfor those alternatives. In no less than three pages, describe and justify the decision-making steps Brown may perform in his case. What decision would you make?

Be sure to provide research to support your ideas. Use APA style, and cite and reference your sources to avoid plagiarism.

Visit one of the following newspapers websites: , , , or . Select an article that uses statistical data related to a current event. The chosen article must have a publication date during this quarter.

The article should use one of the following categories of descriptive statistics: 

• Measures of Frequency – Counting Rules, Percent, Frequency, Frequency Distributions
• Measures of Central Tendency – Mean, Median, Mode
• Measures of Dispersion or Variation – Range, Variance, Standard Deviation
• Measures of Position – Percentile, Quartiles
• Write a two to three (2-3) page paper in which you:

1. Write a summary of the article.
2. Explain how the article uses descriptive statistics. 
3. Explain how the article applies to the real world.
4. Analyze the reasons why the article chose to use the various types of data shared in the article.
5. Format your paper according to the . Please take a moment to review the SWS documentation for details.
6. Click to view the grading rubric for this assignment.
7. By submitting this paper, you agree: (1) that you are submitting your paper to be used and stored as part of the SafeAssign services in accordance with the ; (2) that your institution may use your paper in accordance with your institution’s policies; and (3) that your use of SafeAssign will be without recourse against Blackboard Inc. and its affiliates.

Instructions

This assignment assesses your ability to conduct a descriptive analysis and present the results in tabular format. Review your APA resource for guidance on displaying your data in tables.

As the administrator of a healthcare organization working to improve the bottom-line for the organization you serve, your board has requested that you present a cost summary of the group of people receiving healthcare services in your facility.

To meet your boards request, provide a cost summary, using the stroke data (Stroke Clean), for key study demographics for the following study variables:

1. age category
2. gender
3. physical activity status obesity
4. diabetes
5. blood pressure
6. atrial fibrillation
7. smoking status
8. cholesterol
9. history of angina
10. history of myocardial infarction

Length: 2-5 pages, not including title and reference pages

References: Include a minimum of 2 scholarly resources

Your cost summary should demonstrate thoughtful consideration of the ideas and concepts presented in the course and provide new thoughts and insights relating directly to this topic Your response should reflect scholarly writing and current APA standards. 

Instructions

As the administrator of a research-focused healthcare organization, you are part of a research team that provides statistical consultation to providers and staffs conducting quantitative research in your organization. In preparation to conduct statistical analyses for several study hypotheses, a team of researchers approached you for guidance on the appropriate statistical test for the four different hypotheses before them. Based on these hypotheses (four scenarios below) what statistical test will you recommend and why?

Scenario 1:

For hypothesis 1, the researchers are interested in assessing the relationship between an outcome variable (continuous) and an explanatory variable (categorical) where the explanatory variable is binary. What statistical test will you recommend for them and why?

Scenario 2:

For hypothesis 2, the researchers are interested in assessing the relationship between an outcome variable (continuous) and an explanatory variable (categorical) where the explanatory variable has three or more categories. What statistical test will you recommend for them and why?

Scenario 3:

For hypothesis 3, the researchers are interested in assessing the relationship between an outcome variable (continuous) and an explanatory variable (continuous). What statistical test will you recommend for them and why?

Scenario 4:

For hypothesis 4, the researchers are interested in assessing the relationship between an outcome variable (categorical) and an explanatory variable (categorical) where at least one of the variables has more than two levels. What statistical test will you recommend for them and why?

Length: 1-2 pages, not including title and reference pages

References: Include a minimum of 3 scholarly resources

  ** Your paper has to be under 20% to be accepted. Try to use less direct quotes and more paraphrasing.

Rough Draft assignment: 

For this assignment, take a moment to review the Final Paper instructions and requirements in Week 6. You will see that the Final Paper is a discussion about the use of several statistical techniques used in research studies. While it shares similarities to papers in other classes, you will find that its focus is different. For example, like most assignments, your Final Paper will leverage research studies. However, instead of your analysis focusing on the content of the research study, you will be asked to focus on the statistical tools used in the study and examine how those tools contributed toward the findings in the study. (In other words, the topic of the study itself is irrelevant.)

For this Draft Final Paper of two to three double spaced pages, you will locate three studies, based on the three techniques listed in the Final Paper instructions. Then, address the following items for each of the three research studies you selected:

• State the research question being asked.
• State which of the three statistical tools the study represents.

Note: There is no need to discuss how the tool is used in the study, as some of the techniques have not yet been covered. No conclusion is needed for this introductory paper.

 

Week 6 – Final Paper

Final paper overview

 

Over the past few weeks, you have explored a variety of statistical techniques that each play an important role in conducting research. For this Final Paper, you will evaluate the application, interpretations, and presentation of statistics in formal and informal research studies.

Begin by locating three research studies to analyze for your Final Paper, based on the three statistical techniques below:

• At least one study should display data through graphs, tables, and/or charts.
• At least one study should describe the hypothesis testing procedure that was used (either explicitly /specifically, or implicitly/generally).
• At least one study should use inferential statistical analysis tests or correlation/regression approaches.

Once you have selected your three research studies, develop a paper using the format below as a guide.

Final Paper Structure

• Opening: State which three specific statistical procedures you will be evaluating.
• Thesis: Describe how these statistical procedures been used to answer research questions.
• Literature Review: For each study presented, state the research question being asked.
  • Explain how the illustrated statistical procedure helped to answer each research question.
• Statistical Discussion: Analyze the value, strengths, and weaknesses of each statistical technique in answering formal and informal research questions.
• Conclusion: Summarize the general use of statistical tools in quantitative research studies.

Purpose of Assignment 

The purpose of the assignment is to develop students’ abilities in using data sets to apply the concepts of sampling distributions and confidence intervals to make management decisions. 

Assignment Steps 

Resources: Microsoft Excel, ,

Review the Payment Time Case Study and Data Set. 

Develop a 700-word report including the following calculations and using the information to determine whether the new billing system has reduced the mean bill payment time:

• Assuming the standard deviation of the payment times for all payments is 4.2 days, construct a 95% confidence interval estimate to determine whether the new billing system was effective. State the interpretation of 95% confidence interval and state whether or not the billing system was effective.
• Using the 95% confidence interval, can we be 95% confident that 19.5 days?
• Using the 99% confidence interval, can we be 99% confident that 19.5 days?
• If the population mean payment time is 19.5 days, what is the probability of observing a sample mean payment time of 65 invoices less than or equal to 18.1077 days? 

Submit your assignment.

Context:Your organization is evaluating the quality of its call center operations. One of the most important metrics in a call center is Time in Queue (TiQ), which is the time a customer has to wait before he/she is serviced by a Customer Service Representative (CSR). If a customer has to wait for too long, he/she is more likely to get discouraged and hang up. Furthermore, customers who have to wait too long in the queue typically report a negative overall experience with the call. Youve conducted an exhaustive literature review and found that the average TiQ in your industry is 2.5 minutes (150 seconds). 

Another important metric is Service Time (ST), also known as Handle Time, which is the time a CSR spends servicing the customer. CSRs with more experience and deeper knowledge tend to resolve customer calls faster. Companies can improve average ST by providing more training to their CSRs or even by channeling calls according to area of expertise. Last month your company had an average ST of approximately 3.5 minutes (210 seconds). In an effort to improve this metric, the company has implemented a new protocol that channels calls to CSRs based on area of expertise. The new protocol (PE) is being tested side-by-side with the traditional (PT) protocol.  

Instructions: 

Access the file. Each row in the database corresponds to a different call. The column variables are as follows: 

• ProtocolType: indicates protocol type, either PT or PE
• QueueTime: Time in Queue, in seconds
• ServiceTime: Service Time, in seconds
• Perform a test of hypothesis to determine whether the average TiQ is lower than the industry standard of 2.5 minutes (150 seconds). Use a significance level of =0.05.  
• Evaluate if the company should allocate more resources to improve its average TiQ. 
• Perform a test of hypothesis to determine whether the average ST with service protocol PE is lower than with the PT protocol. Use a significance level of =0.05.  
• Assess if the new protocol served its purpose. (Hint: this should be a test of means for 2 independent groups.) 
• Submit your calculations and a 175-word summary of your conclusions. 

  

Determine the skew (if there is any) and explain in words why there is skew for this particular sample. Be sure it is specific to your own study and not just a generic description of what skew means. You can do so graphically, algebraically, or just by eyeballing your data set. 

Example of a good answer: In my study, the mean is significantly greater than the median, which leads me to believe that the data is skewed to the right. This is further confirmed by 2 outliers Johnny owns 95 pairs of pants and Suzy owns 126. Everyone else in my study owns less than or equal to 30 pairs of pants.

Example of l of pants are not in this part of the project, youre missing the point. And your grade will also be missing the point(s). You MUST show all calculations. 

PART 6: 

 CONCLUSION! This must be a full page in length, NOT including title and/or any other headers or the citations. If youre not sure if youve written a full page then do the SMART thing and write slightly more than a full page. Font can be Calibri or Arial size 11. Double-spaced is fine. Doesnt have to be perfect APA style but all citations must be included and the citations do NOT count as part of the full page requirement. Discuss the conclusion of your study. What does your data analysis imply both about your hypothesis and in general? What practical implications are there based on your study? Does there appear to be any sort of significance? Do you feel like you trust the source you used to begin with? Please feel free to include personal commentary based on your own life experience, or other studies you have seen similar to the one youve done. If youd like to research the topic further online, that might help you out. Also, note that while I do appreciate professionalism, I appreciate even more if I can hear your voice in the write-up. If youre funny, please dont hold back. I truly want you to enjoy this process.