Assignment: Off-Label Drug Use in Pediatrics

The unapproved use of approved drugs, also called off-label use, with children is quite common. This is because pediatric dosage guidelines are typically unavailable, since very few drugs have been specifically researched and tested with children.

When treating children, prescribers often adjust dosages approved for adults to accommodate a childs weight. However, children are not just smaller adults. Adults and children process and respond to drugs differently in their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.  

Children even respond differently during stages from infancy to adolescence. This poses potential safety concerns when prescribing drugs to pediatric patients. As an advanced practice nurse, you have to be aware of safety implications of the off-label use of drugs with this patient group.

To Prepare

Review the interactive media piece in this weeks Resources and reflect on the types of drugs used to treat pediatric patients with mood disorders( option drugs below)

Reflect on situations in which children should be prescribed drugs for off-label use.

Think about strategies to make the off-label use and dosage of drugs safer for children from infancy to adolescence. Consider specific off-label drugs that you think require extra care and attention when used in pediatrics.

Write a 1-page narrative in APA format that addresses the following:

Explain the circumstances under which children should be prescribed drugs for off-label use. Be specific and provide examples.

Describe strategies to make the off-label use and dosage of drugs safer for children from infancy to adolescence. Include descriptions and names of off-label drugs that require extra care and attention when used in pediatrics.

Therapy for Pediatric Clients with Mood Disorder

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

The client is an 8-year-old African American male who arrives at the ER with his mother. He is exhibiting signs of depression.

 Client complained of feeling sad

 Mother reports that teacher said child is withdrawn from peers in class

 Mother notes decreased appetite and occasional periods of irritation

 Client reached all developmental landmarks at appropriate ages

 Physical exam unremarkable

 Laboratory studies WNL

 Child referred to psychiatry for evaluation

 
 

MENTAL STATUS EXAM

Alert & oriented X 3, speech clear, coherent, goal directed, spontaneous. Self-reported mood is sad. Affect somewhat blunted, but child smiled appropriately at various points throughout the clinical interview. He denies visual or auditory hallucinations. No delusional or paranoid thought processes noted. Judgment and insight appear to be age-appropriate. He is not endorsing active suicidal ideation, but does admit that he often thinks about himself being dead and what it would be like to be dead.

You administer the Children’s Depression Rating Scale, obtaining a score of 30 (indicating significant depression)

 
 

RESOURCES

Poznanski, E., & Mokros, H. (1996). Child Depression Rating Scale–Revised. Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services.

Treatment options

1)Zoloft 25 mg orally daily, 2) Paxil 25 mg orally daily, 3) Wellbutrin 75 mg orally BID 

Resources for reference ( 3 + references)

Rosenthal, L. D., & Burchum, J. R. (2018). Lehnes pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice providers. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.

Chapter 8, Drug Therapy in Pediatric Patients (pp. 6567)

This study examines the frequency of off-label prescribing to children and explores factors that impact off-label prescribing. This study also examines off-label prescribing to children with ADHD.

1. You have just won the Strayer Lottery jackpot of $11,000,000. You will be paid in 26 equal annual installments beginning immediately. If you had the money now, you could invest it in an account with a quoted annual interest rate of 9% with monthly compounding of interest. What is the present value of the payments you will receive?

2. In your own words and using various bond websites, locate one of each of the following bond ratings: AAA, BBB, CCC, and D. Describe the differences between the bond ratings. Identify the strengths and weaknesses of each rating.

You will be responsible for posting to the Canvas Discussion Board example of data visualization being used in the wild. This can come from a news source, social media, think tank report, YouTube commercial, academic article, or virtually any other source that has some relevance to your life. Your assignment is to post a link to the source and critically reflect on the visualization using some aspect of either: 1) DIgnazios framework for implementing feminist data viz (see reading & discussion for Jan 13); 2) Cairos framework for evaluating the qualities of great visualizations (see reading for Jan 15); or 3) some amalgamation of the two frameworks. Prior to the first due date, we will practice evaluating data visualizations using this framework so that you have a general idea of how to approach the assignment. I expect your reflections to be about 500 words (~1 single-spaced page).

Each post is worth five points. You will receive full credit if you post a link and provide a ~500 word (or longer if you desire) narrative that represents a meaningful attempt to reflect on the example using some aspect of Cairos framework. Two points will be given to those who simply post a link without a narrative, and three points will be given to those whose narrative lacks any meaningful reflection. My standard for what constitutes meaningful will increase as the quarter progresses, as I will be looking for growth in the depth with which you are able to critically reflect on the technical and contextual details of data visualization.

The following represent suggestions for how you might structure your critique:

  1. Start by discussing the background of the visualization, such as information about the publisher, source(s) of data used, and the general context of publication (i.e., What was happening in the world that motivated or gave meaning to the visualization?).
  2. Who appears to be the target audience(s) for this visualization? What qualities about the visualization and its context (i.e., where it is published) support your conclusion?
  3. What story – or stories – is the author of the visualization intending to tell? What insights were gained by visualizing the data in this way that text alone could not accomplish?
  4. What are some alternative ways to interpret the visualization that may not have been intended by the author? In what ways, if any, is the visualization potentially misleading?
  5. How, if at all, might the interpretation of the visualization change depending on who is reading the visualization? What factors might influence these changes (e.g., the identities of the reader, level of education, cultural familiarity)?
  6. What else strikes you about the visualization? How might Cairo and/or DIgnazio suggest that it be improved based on their respective frameworks for creating visualizations?

I do not expect that you will go into the same level of depth for all of these questions. Instead, I offer them here as a guide to help you structure your analysis. Ultimately, I am looking for you to move beyond simply looking at data visualizations and begin the practice of reading them.

Current State of Quality: Internal Dynamics

What are some of the variables that can affect your hospital internally and externally? Would you hire a marketer or a website developer to improve your hospital website? Or would you recommend expanding your quality and what are some of the internal dynamics that can be used to build a successful brand or mission for the hospital? Make sure your initial post is a minimum of 250 words or more and responses to your peers should be at least a minimum of 100 words.

Question 1: Monumental Architecture and Sculpture

The cultures we studied this week produced architecture and monumental sculpture, in addition to smaller works of art. Locate three examples of architecture or monumental sculpture from three different cultures listed here: India, China, Japan, Korea, or the Pacific Cultures.

First, completely identify each structure or sculpture you would like to discuss by listing its name, date, and location.

In a minimum of 3 well-developed paragraphs address the following questions:

  1. Who created each work of architecture or sculpture? Who commissioned its creation?
  2. What historical events or social or cultural influences affected the creation of each work?
  3. How do the visual characteristics of each work contribute to or enhance its message or meaning?
  4. How do the reasons these works were created compare with those of a more modern example of monumental art work, such as Mount Rushmore, the 9/11 Memorial, etc.?

Be sure to explain your ideas clearly and support them by discussing specific details about each work of architecture or monumental sculpture.

Question 2: The Function of Art Objects

Some of the art objects created by the cultures surveyed this week, whether African masks, Japanese tea bowls, or Micronesian navigational charts, served functional roles in their society. Locate three such objects, one each from the following: Asia, Africa, or the Pacific Cultures.

First, completely identify each object you would like to discuss by listing its name, date, and location.

In a minimum of 2 well-developed paragraphs discuss:

  1. What was the function of each object at the time of its creation?
  2. What historical events or social or cultural influences affected the creation of each work?
  3. How do the visual characteristics of each object contribute to or enhance our understanding of its meaning?

Be sure to explain your ideas clearly and support them by discussing specific details about each work.

Respond to both questions as thoroughly as possible, making sure to use information from the readings and the lectures. All responses should be in complete sentence form, using proper spelling and grammar.

 

Compare and contrast two difference cloud computing services (Amazon Web Service and Microsoft Azure). Explain the differences and the similarities and select your choice of providers if you had to make the decision for your business. Write up a comparison on the services offered (350-500 words). Once again, it is essential that you use your own words (do not just copy and paste from the Internet).

These two links may offer some additional information for this assignment but you are encouraged to use additional sources for your project/assignment.

  

In nursing practice, accurate identification and application of research is essential to achieving successful outcomes. The ability to articulate research data and summarize relevant content supports the student’s ability to further develop and synthesize the assignments that constitute the components of the capstone project.

The assignment will be used to develop a written implementation plan.

For this assignment, provide a synopsis of the review of the research literature. Using the “Literature Evaluation Table,” determine the level and strength of the evidence for each of the eight research articles you have selected. The articles should be current (within the last 5 years) and closely relate to the PICOT question developed earlier in this course. The articles may include quantitative research, descriptive analyses, longitudinal studies, or meta-analysis articles. A systematic review may be used to provide background information for the purpose or problem identified in the proposed capstone project.

While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and in-text citations and references should be presented using APA documentation guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion

Required to determine the capability demands in the specific context of Datacenter organization .read widely in the academic literature and, if appropriate, material found in trade journals and other Data center sector specific research. 900-word overview of the issues and the linkages to HRM (Human Resource Management ) and capability development theory and practice.  Critically identify and discuss why current responses to organizational demands are either appropriate or not appropriate.

This assessment intends to allow you to read widely on the topic and apply traditional and contemporary thinking and practice to the data center context.  It is not asking for recommendations or deep analysis.  This assessment will assist in the development of the next element of assessment.

Introduction provide a very brief, but illustrative overview of the content of the work :

Knowledge, understanding and application to context of material addressed in the module (Engagement with academic literature is evident through liberal and correct Harvard Referencing):

Conclusions (Consistent with the body of the work and arguments made):

Personal Branding Talk: 1. Research the objective of a short-term career plan and then write one for yourself at your present stage. This will require reflection but is a great exercise in order to think about what you want to do after you graduate from George Brown College. Use your elevator speech. 2. Research what an informational interview is and explain the outcome of an informational interview. And, then write 5 questions you would ask in an informational interview. What was the reason you chose the questions you did???

Write about Crimean War.
First a small introduction on what happened then answer questions below
Which are the causes behind.?
Which were the consequences of…for..?
Give an example of a condition today and explain how it is related to the
All of the questions should be answered through different perspectives- individual-structural, idealistic-materialistic or one side of a conflict versus the other side of the conflict. (do not mix these pairs).
Should be 2-3 pages
The sources must be either from books or historians (secondary sources). If a primary source is found that is really great.