Category: Harvard Style

Answer all of the questions included in this document. 
In your answer you must include references in Harvard format. 
You must submit your work via turnitin (available under the assessment tab on the module space).
Work must adhere to the university policy regarding good academic practice.

Question 1 (14 Marks)
1. Name the condition where a thrombosis is identified typically in the femoral or iliac vein. 
2. Name the three predispositions to developing thrombosis contained in Virchows triad and briefly describe one cause of each. (12 Marks)

Question 2 (14 Marks)
a. Define a Stroke (2 Marks)

b. List 3  risk factors for stroke (excluding age and smoking) and one investigation for each (12 Marks).

Question 3 (17 Marks)
a.    Define Heart failure (2 Marks)

b.    list 3 types of heart failure and describe 3 symptoms or signs for each (15Marks)

Question 4 (15 Marks)
a. Define a pneumothorax (2 Marks)

b. Outline the underlying pathophysiology of tension pneumothorax (5 Marks)

c. (i) What is the specific treatment for pneumothorax that is compromising breathing and (ii) briefly outline its mode of action (8  Marks)

Question 5 (15 Marks)
a. In acute complete gastric outlet obstruction, 
i. What are the likely acid-base (blood gas) and serum electrolyte disturbances?  (3 marks)

ii  and explain the underlying causes of these disturbances. (5 Marks)

b. In bowel obstruction complicated by bowel  ischaemia,
i.    What complications may affect the lungs?(1 Mark)
ii.    Name the severe systemic response that can occur in bowel ischaemia (2 Marks).
iii.    If the bowel perforates, what condition will then develop and briefly describe what acid-base disturbance will likely occur and be reflected in blood gas analysis? (4 Marks)

The Welsh abdominal aortic aneurysm screening programme (WAAASP) in UK invites all men aged 65 to have an abdominal ultrasound scan performed at one visit to a screening centre.
The programme employs technicians that only perform this type of scan. There are normally 3 or 4 technicians at each screening centre, there are 3 separate screening technician teams, one each for North Wales, South West and South East Wales. All the teams move around different centres within each region.
The measurement value used to determine whether an aneurysm is present or not is 3cm.
3cm or above on the scan means that you have an aneurysm and that you will have regular scans from then on, or referral to a vascular surgeon if the aneurysm is 5.5cm or larger.
Under 3cm means no further scans are required.
Using appropriate vocabulary and terminology, describe what type of variations in measurements may occur when using ultrasound scans to screen a population for abdominal aortic aneurysms and how these variations may be predicted and dealt with. (70% x total marks)
Discuss the implications of the programme on individuals having the scan. (30% x total marks)

The essay should be around 2000 words
No less than 20 references
Figures may be included (up to a maximum of 5) with a descriptive title and legend.
Please cite all sources and produce a reference list in Harvard style.

PGT Therapeutics Coursework
A 72 year old man presents to his general practice with abdominal cramps and loose stools for 1 week.  He recently had a fall and sustained a laceration.  This became infected and was treated.
How would he initially be assessed? (5)
What are the potential causes? (10)
If it was due to a suspected infective cause what potential management options would be employed? (10)
**************************************************************************

1- Doctor asked me to add some probabilities of disease for this case such as cancer and because of clostridium difficile or because of some antibiotics and write them as points
2- please make sure that you write it in the same way and same subtitles of the form that I attached
3- 16 references

PGT Therapeutics Coursework
A 72 year old man presents to his general practice with abdominal cramps and loose stools for 1 week.  He recently had a fall and sustained a laceration.  This became infected and was treated.
How would he initially be assessed? (5)
What are the potential causes? (10)
If it was due to a suspected infective cause what potential management options would be employed? (10)
**************************************************************************

1- Doctor asked me to add some probabilities of disease for this case such as cancer and because of clostridium difficile or because of some antibiotics and write them as points
2- please make sure that you write it in the same way and same subtitles of the form that I attached
3- 16 references

A 72 year old man presents to his general practice with abdominal cramps and loose stools for 1 week.  He recently had a fall and sustained a laceration.  This became infected and was treated.
How would he initially be assessed? (5)
What are the potential causes? (10)
If it was due to a suspected infective cause what potential management options would be employed? (10)

The instructions:
1500 words
This question should be answered in essay form engaging with the literature to back up statements and evidence given
Introduction
3-5 sentences to introduce the scenario and the assignment

Assessment
Primary
Firstly deal with any acute symptoms
Patients hydration state
Secondary
SOCRATES
Observation
Disease pathology
Then conduct your differential diagnosis
From reading the literature identify 4-5 possible diagnosis
Discuss each one and the tests that you might do etc
Discuss infective cause and management
Conclusion summarise no new information