Final Project Research Essay —–As a culmination of your work in this class, you will analyze a contemporary (current) issue/social problem and how social inequality plays a role. Once you have made a topic selection, find a related media source from https://www.ted.com/talks (Links to an external site.)  or a podcast from https://www.npr.org/podcasts/ (Links to an external site.) to use as a point of initial reference. Then, you will analyze, compare and/or contrast your chosen issue using at least two (2) sociological perspectives from this course (structuralism, conflict, symbolic interactionism, feminism).

This essay should be no longer than 3-4 pages, double spaced, 12-font, and Times New Roman and set 1 margins for top/bottom/left/right. All films, books, peer-reviewed articles, documentaries, podcasts and course materials must be referenced on the reference or bibliography page and cited within the essay text when referred to using proper ASA, APA or MLA formatting. I require the use of a title page, running head, pagination, in-text citations and a reference page that includes the course text.
Once you have selected your topic and media reference, you will begin to organize your essay by addressing the following:

Brief introduction of your topic, a statement of the problem/issue and why it is relevant for this course. Why is this topic important to you and relevant to a sociology course?
Provide a brief overview of the history of the topic including relevant people, places, events, policies, statistics, etc
Discuss the current status of the topic, interesting statistics, and include which theories from this class (Structural Functionalism, Conflict Theory, Symbolic Interactionist Theory or Feminist Theory) have strong contributions to this topic.
Summarize with brief thoughts on where this topic/issue/social problem is going. Support this summary with your sociological knowledge learned during this course and include course concepts such as social inequality, social stratification, ethnocentrism, racism and discrimination.
Integrate key terms and concepts from the course material and always use proper references in ASA, APA or MLA format.
This is a professional college essay and you should not use I or first person throughout your paper, with the exception of recommendations in the conclusion section. The paper must reflect a proper sociological approach and therefore you should not write opinions as to the right or wrong nature of your topic. Your work should be more of an academic examination of the various sociological positions of your topic. However, you may include your sociological opinion in the conclusion.

Technical Guidelines for writing assignments:

The essay should flow and make logical sense with the use of proper transitions and the grouping of similar concepts. This will strengthen your essay.
You will be graded on grammar, form and organization.
You must include your name in the upper right corner of the first page. You do not need to include an abstract.
Please include a title-page and a reference page.
If you use an idea that is not your own, you must reference in ASA, APA or MLA Style.
Using someone elses work or ideas that are not your own is plagiarism and is a violation of College policy.
Late assignments are not recommended and points may be deducted for late submissions.
Name your attachment to coincide with the assignment. However, do not use symbols, instead use only letter and/or numbers (FinalEssay) or (CourseEval) or (ExtraCredit).
If I cannot open a submission, I will contact you or the assignment could be assigned a Zero. Submitting early can help avoid this. Be sure to only use Microsoft Word or PDF no other formats are accepted.
Save all your course work to a hard drive, a flash drive, cloud, Google or in email storage. This will ensure that you have a record of all your work in case there are any computer issues. I practice these precautions too!

Create a Forms project that mimics a point of sale terminal with a cart and checkout. The project must be unique and have a usable functionality (showing a picture of your cat does not provide a usable functionality).
Please detail any features in your submission email that would not be obvious to a normal user.
Graphical Design (look and feel) 10 pts.
Database Use 10 pts.
Checkout Function 10pts.
Items stored in database (and quantity removed when sold) 10pts.
Ability to add items 10pts.
Sales stored in database 10pts.
Auto ID for sales and items 10pts.
Submitted on time and Correctly. 30 pts

The digital landscape has really changed the game for brands. Historically, brands provided a way to confidently purchase something. Once a brand established trust, it was challenging for a competitor to move into that space. People rarely shifted their brand loyalty, and it was much harder for a new brand to attract attention. But we’re in a whole different market now.Today’s digital consumer can evaluate a brand end to end with a quick Google search. New brands appear daily and claim to pick up where other brands have left off.
You can get dish soap, then you can get eco friendly dish soap, and then there’s eco friendly and corporate responsible dish soap, and there’s likely even eco friendly corporate responsible locally sourced dish soap. Each of these products is positioned in such a way that it gains attraction from and resonates with a particular audience. Now, some might roll their eyes at the idea of fancy dish soap. They might think it’s just soap, but others see a certain kind of soap as fitting into their lifestyle. Brands don’t have to resonate with everyone, just their primary audience and the needs of that audience.
So when we think of capturing this audience, it’s all about positioning, and it’s safe to assumethat each day we’re met with hundreds, if not thousands, of brands vying for our attention.From email to social media to walking around the grocery store, brands are everywhere, and we ignore most of them. We’re good at tuning things out that aren’t relevant, and we’re really good at tuning out new brands unless it’s meaningfully and attractively different. And that’s the whole point of finding and protecting a position for your brand.
Positioning is about making these findings known in the mind of the consumer. It’s about getting your customer to believe your claims beyond words. So your goal now is to use all of the available brand touch points to position yourself. Every piece that a consumer can interact with must reflect how you are positioned. Turn everything you do into a reflection of your desired positioning. Your brand stands for something, own that position in the mind of your consumer.

Identify and analyze the competition of any company whether local, national, or international (Explain what each competitor is offering in terms of products, price, distribution and communication, segments targeted and their positioning). Please develop a table showing the differences among competitors based on the different parts of the marketing mix .
Based on the table, Please identify the Points of difference and points of Parity of the product chosen with other brands on the market
Explain what is positioning ? Please develop and establish a positioning strategy for the company chosen (develop a positioning statement)
Why do you think Positioning contributes to the company’s success ? Give examples of brand positioning

Article Summary Review

Papers are graded on quality, not quantity, but should be between one to two pages in length.  Place the citation at the top of each respective summary.

Please place the citation at the top of the page, you do not need a separate page for this.

The purpose of this assignment is to familiarize yourself with anthropological scholarly literature, research current anthropological topics and summarize complex material in a clear and coherent fashion.  The papers should demonstrate an understanding of the articles, articulate the main points and be logically structured and properly cite resources, articles, and websites.

In this assignment stay away from using big block quotes, as the purpose is for you to summarize in your own words. 

Article Summary Review

Papers are graded on quality, not quantity, but should be between one to two pages in length.  Place the citation at the top of each respective summary.

Please place the citation at the top of the page, you do not need a separate page for this.

The purpose of this assignment is to familiarize yourself with anthropological scholarly literature, research current anthropological topics and summarize complex material in a clear and coherent fashion.  The papers should demonstrate an understanding of the articles, articulate the main points and be logically structured and properly cite resources, articles, and websites.

In this assignment stay away from using big block quotes, as the purpose is for you to summarize in your own words. 

Move beyond solely reviewing the content of the readings. For example, how does this help us define or understand the adolescent period? Do you agree with the perspective? Why or why not? What is innovative in the study? What was unclear about the theoretical framework or study methodology? What are the study limitations? What are the next steps for future research in adolescence? How has this reading changed your thinking about the adolescent period?

Most important question to answer:
What changes do teens experience during puberty and how should we measure these changes?

MAIN POST

For this discussion board, provide an overview of each of the following types of imaging/assessment measures:
1. Computerized Tomography (CT)
2. Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI)
3. Functional Magnetic Resonance Image (fMRI)
4. Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
5. Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)
6. Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Which imaging technique would you select if you suspected a brain tumor? Why?
The following article may be helpful in answering this discussion board:
Camprodon, J.A., & Stern, T.A. (2013). Selecting neuroimaging techniques: A review for the clinician. The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders, 15(4), 12f01490. doi: 10.4088/PCC.12f01490
(Links to an external site.)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3869600/
(Links to an external site.)
**Discussion board posting requirements: For each discussion board, be sure to have one main post of at least 400 words and two reply posts of at least 200 words in order to demonstrate sufficient depth to your responses. To receive the highest grade for the discussion board posts, be sure to integrate the textbook as well as additional scholarly sources to support your contributions. Take a look at the empirical literature and include peer-reviewed journal articles to support your posts. Please have your posts submitted on at least two separate days (e.g., don’t post your main post and reply posts all on the same day). This will be worth one point per discussion board and falls under the “Advances Conversations” portion of the discussion board rubric. This helps to spread out the conversation over the course of the unit, and it gives every student the chance to respond to the discussion at a time convenient to their schedule (instead of most of the discussion occurring on the due date). Reply posts can be to either your peers’ posts or to the instructors posts.

RoNS RESPOND TO MAIN POST

Manage Discussion Entry

      Carlson and Birkett (2017) advance that that computerized tomography is usually referred to as a CT scan. The means of how this works is by placing the patient’s head in a doughnut-shaped ring which contains an X-ray tube on one side and an X-ray detector on the opposite side. The X-ray beam passes through the patients head with the detector measuring the amount of radioactivity that gets through it. The beam scans the head from all sides and the information garnered from the detector translates to an image of the skull and its parts. Camprodon and Stern (2013) advance that CT images are formulated via a rotating axial plane. Since the conceptualization is via X-rays, water, fat, bone, and other tissue types appear differently on the film or digital sensor.
        An even more detailed image can be produced via a process called magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Carlson and Birkett (2017) advance that the MRI scanner has similarity to the CT scanner, however, it does not use X-rays. The means of how the MRI functions, is via passing a very potent magnetic field through the persons head. According to Camprodon and Stern (2013), the magnetic properties of hydrogen ions in the body are utilized. When the patient’s head is placed in this strong magnetic field, the nuclei of the whirling hydrogen atoms align with it. Subsequently, a radio frequency is passed through the brain, causing the nuclei to flip and then flip back to its original position. This causes a release of energy, detected by a coil of wire. Since tissues have different amounts of hydrogen, they emit different amounts of energy. It is from these differences in energy that pictures are formed.
    Presently, the brain imaging mechanism with the best spatial resolution is the functional MRI. Carlson and Birkett (2017) advance that modification has been made to existing MRI scanners permitting devices to acquire images that indicate metabolism in certain regions. The manner in which this is accomplished is because brain activity is measured indirectly through discovering levels of oxygen in the brains blood. If there is an increase in activity, it stimulates greater blood flow to that area (Camprodon & Stern, 2013). Carlson and Birkett (2017) elucidate that the formal name is referred to as BOLD, namely blood oxygen level-dependent signal.
      Carlson and Birkett (2017) advance that the first functional image method was the positron emission tomography (PET). The means of how it works is that a person receives an injection of radioactive 2-DG, which is not deleterious. The patients head is placed in a machine that is similar to a CT scan and when the radioactive 2-DG decomposes, they emit positrons that meet nearby electrons. The particles crush each other emitting two photons that travel in opposite directions. The sensors around the patients head detect the photons and scanner plots where they came from, eventually producing a picture of the persons brain showing the activity level. Two disadvantages are that PET scans are expensive and have poor resolution quality.
      The National Center for Biotechnology Information [NCBI] (n.d.) advances that the single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is an imaging technique that is predicated on nuclear medicine imaging and tomographic reconstruction methods. The images show images about a patient that is similar to PET scans. The difference is in how it achieves these results, with the SPECT measuring gamma rays as opposed to positrons in the PET scan. The SPECT is a highly functional image that shows how organs work. A radiopharmaceutical is administered to the patient and taken up by different organs or tissues. Typically, a certain type of camera system is used that picks up the decaying gamma and formulates a picture. According to Camprodon and Stern (2013), the PET scan is the preferred device.
      According to Carlson and Birkett (2017), macro-electrodes do not detect individual neurons, rather they survey many thousands or millions of cells. The activity of macro electrodes is displayed on a polygraph, which is displayed on a computer screen. When electrical activity from macro-electrodes are taken from different areas of the scalp, that record is called an electroencephalogram (EEG), which means writing of electricity from the head.
    Carlson and Birkett (2017) advance that the CT scan slices through tissues of the body and can pick up tumors or bleeding. Additionally, the MRI can achieve the same results as the CT scan but does so through the use of a magnetic field instead of X-rays. According to Dr. Serafini (personal communication, January 19, 2020), the MRI may be less used due to cost, time, and invasiveness. The CT scan is the first choice for tumors and bleeding.
References
Camprodon, J. A., & Stern, T. A. (2013). Selecting neuroimaging techniques: a review for the clinician. The primary care companion for CNS disorders, 15(4).
Carlson, N. R., & Birkett, M. A. (2017). Physiology of Behavior, 12th Edition. Boston, Massachusetts: Pearson.
NCBI. (n.d.). Single photon computed tomography. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK232492/
(Links to

Sumarize and Analyze each article, address their relevance to today’s classrooms.

Please do it in this order, articles are attached
1.Dobbs, C.L., Ippolito ,J., & Charner-Laird, M.C. (2016).  Layering intermediate and disciplinary literacy work:  Lessons learned from a secondary social studies teacher team.  Journal of Adolescent &Adult Literacy, 60 (2), 131 139.

2.Ferguson, M.L., Dole, J.A., Scarpulla, L.F., & Adamson, S.L. (Jul -Aug 2018).  A summer program to assist diverse, urban adolescent writers in becoming college and career ready.  Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 62 (4), 79 87.

3.Poulos, D., & Exley, B. (Nov Dec 2018).  Critical literacy for diverse teenagers: Ive learned something that is actually useful.  Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 62 (3), 271 280.

4.Siebert, D.K., Draper, R.J., Barney, D., Broomhead, P., Grierson, S., Jensen, A.P., Nielson, J., Nokes, J.D., Shumway, S., & Wimmer, J.  (June Aug 2016). Characteristics of literacy instruction that support reform in content area classrooms.  Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 60 (1), 25 35.

5.Staurseth, H.E., & Haland, A. (Jan-Feb 2019).  Ninth-grade students use of graphical representations in Social Studies writing.  Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 62(4), 421 434.

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Similarly to last weeks discussion about the Wests relationship to the East regarding ideologies and practices of psychology, what has been the Wests relationship to Caribbean, African or Indigenous traditions related to categories such as person, suffering, health, and the good life?  How have other-than-Western traditions been silenced on these topics?

Thomass respond to the main post

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The westernized industrialized culture seems to tend to measure success, responsibility in materialistic, technological, and economic terms (Grof, 2000). This has given us great technological advances and yet we seem to be in a global crisis on many levels including but not limited to the fact that many scientists predict we will destroy the environment that supports human life if we don’t change our ways yesterday (Grof, 2000). So, it is a time of great potential, and yet we seem to in my opinion lack a pearl of certain wisdom. This wisdom is to be found within each human, in my opinion. However, we would be wise to look to the healing wisdom of ancient and indigenous Africa, for example, for inspiration as to how to access the universe of wisdom inside ourselves. For even as the Christian tradition that so many in the westernized industrialized culture seem to follow teaches people that their god is found within, people seem to have in large part embraced the exoteric part of that religion, and they seem to have long forgotten the powerful and sometimes esoteric traditions that benefit for example a shamanic community in Africa. Such a community does not have the material riches and opportunities of the so-called West, and yet through ritual, a shamanic community in Africa would be connected to a pearl of wisdom they experience as essential to human life. A shamanic community in Africa such as the one found in Some (1998) would use ritual to connect themselves to the spirits of their ancestors and to their source of spiritual inspiration and life energy (Some, 1998). Such a community would view the world as ensouled and perceive a living spirit in everything from birds to rocks to rivers. This, in their view, connects the people with inner and cosmic resources of wholeness and healing (Some, 1998). To put this in terms found in Larson (2017) the shamanic wisdom traditions of Africa tend to have an animistic worldview seeing the spirit in everything. This view seems to hold great wisdom and potential to catalyze human growth, and yet it is not very compatible of accessible to the mechanistic worldview of the West (Grof, 2000; Larson, 2017). 
In researching this topic I found it interesting that while some authors criticize the West for influencing African culture (Higgs, 2000), and for teaching African people to deny their traditional wisdom, some authors also say that the best way to treat people of African descent, when they are living in a culture that has been westernized, is to construct for them a version of mainstream therapy rather than a more traditional or shamanic type of healing (Sutherland, 2011). This, in my view, demonstrates that it seems to be no longer just the West that sets the dominant paradigm, but also non-Western cultures that have become westernized.
Referenes
Grof, S. (2000). Psychology of the future: Lessons from modern consciousness research. State University of New York Press.
Higgs, P. (2000). African Voices in Education. Rustica Press. South Africa.
Larson, P.  (2017). Psychological Healing:  Historical and Philosophical Foundations of Professional Psychology.
Some, M. P. (1998). The healing wisdom of Africa: Finding life purpose through nature, ritual, and community. New York: Jeremy P. Tarcher/Putnam.
Sutherland, M. E. (2011). Toward a Caribbean Psychology: An African-Centered Approach. Journal of Black Studies, 42(8), 11751194. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021934711410547