Category: APA (edition “APA 6”)

ANSWER 3 LAST QUESTION WRITTEN AT THE END OF THIS ARTICLE:

How to Build a Company That (Actually) Values Integrity

by Robert Chesnut

July 30, 2020
For decades, leaders were expected to focus on one thing: financial results. But we are now in the migdst of an ethical revolution. Leaders are increasingly held accountable for poor behavior, and companies are pushed by employees, governments, and customers to step up and adopt a multi-stakeholder approach that serves social purposes as well as investor demands.

Canned codes of ethics that ask employees to check a box to certify that theyve read the material and third-party online ethics training courses might be all that is required to comply with the law, but they dont move the needle. Employees see them mostly as a nuisance they have to suffer through.

Business leaders need to do more. Ive spent more than 30 years as an attorney studying workplace issues, as the head of Trust and Safety at eBay, and as general counsel at companies including Chegg and Airbnb. Ive seen too many workplaces in which it seemed that legal and HR were just reacting to one problem after the next. Over the years Ive developed the following six practices to help leaders be proactive, inspire their workforces, and stay ahead of the ethical revolution.

Lead by example.

Leadership must openly and directly embrace integrity. The CEO and others on the leadership team are powerful role models who set the companys ethical tone. If they cut corners, dont follow the rules, or ignore bad behavior by top performers, it gives everyone implicit permission to act the same way. Leaders must openly and directly talk about integrity, embrace it as part of the culture, and be ready to do the right thing, even if it appears to hurt business in the short run.

In a crisis, fear runs high, and everything a leader does is amplified. An integrity moment can happen anytime, and a leader has to be committed to the right principles or risk losing a teams trust forever. Take CEO Kevin Kelly, of Emerald Packaging. During a meeting in the early days of the pandemic, an employee asked, What if Im the only one who can operate a particular machine, and it goes down? In that moment, Kevins leadership was on the line, and he handled it perfectly. Stay home, he said, and asked the employee to repeat his words. Everyone laughed, but everyone got the message he cared for employee health above immediate business needs.

CEOs have to be particularly careful about setting ambitious targets and using powerful language to motivate employees. Audacious goals can create fear (what happens if I dont deliver?), and they may be interpreted as giving implicit permission for bad behavior. Unrealistic goals played a key role in the infamous Volkswagen emissions scandal, for example. More recently, a scandal erupted when six eBay employees were criminally charged after allegedly engaging in an aggressive cyberstalking campaign against critics of the company. According to an affidavit released by prosecutors, an eBay executive had told the team to deal with the critics by doing Whatever. It. Takes.

Make your ethics code your own.

Too many companies treat their code as a legal box to check. They download another companys code and put their logo at the top. Or they delegate the task to lawyers, who understandably draft a document designed to protect the company from liability. Dont depend on something that someone else drafts you cant outsource integrity.

Your code of ethics should reflect input from a broad cross section of employees and be based on your companys core values along with the norms of your particular industry, geographic location, and culture. You dont want to get bogged down with too many rules, but there are usually a dozen or so issues that come up over and over. Clear guidance on how to handle them is important so that individuals arent making up their own code as they go.

We built the Airbnb code of ethics with input from employees around the world and on diverse teams including finance, marketing, data, and customer experience. Titled Integrity Belongs Here, it is based on our core value of promoting human belonging through travel. It discusses issues such as whether its appropriate to accept gifts from third-party vendors or grateful hosts. We also review conflicts of interests around side gigs, because our employees are often approached about consulting and board work.

Talk about it.

Its not enough to simply go about your business and assume integrity will naturally occur. Leaders must talk openly, explicitly, and regularly about its importance. Orientation is a good place to start. Make a point of having your CEO or another top leader come into each orientation class and spend an hour personally talking with new employees about company values and ethics, using real examples from their career. This sort of authentic live discussion from a leader sets a tone and can make a lasting impression.

I give the orientation talk at Airbnb each week. Its a 75-minute interactive session in which I go over specific ethical scenarios that employees have faced. The feedback I get is overwhelmingly positive. We talk frankly about challenging issues, such as how much alcohol you should serve and drink at a work-related function. We also talk about dating a colleague and planning team offsites in such a way that everyone will feel comfortable. Earlier this year, a woman sent me a note telling me that she left her previous job because her male manager kept propositioning her. She was afraid to report it, so she joined Airbnb. If I had heard this message from a leader at my last company, I would have reported it, she wrote me after her orientation session. Im happy to be at a company now that really cares about this.

Make sure people know how to report violations.

Too many companies bury their reporting system in a link deep in the company intranet and dont talk openly about how the investigation process works. That silence breeds suspicion, distrust, and an environment in which employees arent comfortable using the process. Companies that want a culture of integrity must make the process of reporting all problems, especially violations of the code, easy, straightforward, and clear. You need to create a culture that isnt afraid to have people raise ethical questions, that welcomes bad news, and that celebrates employees who speak out about problems. I once had an IT security person walk up to me in the office and point out that I had left my computer on and unattended at my workstation for five minutes while I went to the restroom. Rather than getting annoyed, I gave him an award for having the courage to call out a senior leader (me) for a lax security practice. A year later, he still cites that recognition as the highlight of his career at the company.

I hear leaders of some companies proudly say that their employee ethics hotline has few or no reports. That could be a sign of a problem. Try this: Pull random employees into a room and ask them to show you how to file an ethics report. Time how long it takes them to get to the right place. Or do a quick anonymous survey and ask how comfortable employees are reporting violations and whether they feel the company walks the talk when it comes to ethics. Explore new tools. For example, Vault Platform, in the UK, designed a mobile phone app that allows employees to securely and confidentially submit incidents of misconduct that they have experienced or witnessed. It includes a unique feature whereby an employee who is reluctant to speak up alone can submit a report only if another employee independently submits a complaint against the same person.

Demonstrate the consequences.

Ethical violations must be investigated, and when they are substantiated, fair and reasonable consequences must be handed out. Leaders and top performers cannot enjoy immunity. Even in companies with a robust reporting and investigations protocol, employees may be skeptical that reports will be acted upon and may cynically assume that nothing ever happens. That sort of culture erodes trust and discourages everyone from reporting issues.

One way to fight this problem is to build transparency into the process. Companies such as Airbnb and Cisco talk to employees about what happens when a claim is filed, and they issue regular transparency reports that, while respecting privacy, give employees data on the number of reports, types of complaints, how many are investigated and substantiated, and the range of consequences. Providing windows of transparency into a good process can build trust.

Remember that repetition matters.

Integrity cant be handled by a once-a-year email or a couple of pages in a forgotten employee handbook. As former NBA Commissioner David Stern told me, its like a television advertisement you cant run it once and expect to get your point across. Repetition matters.

Be creative; dont rely on canned, outsourced videos to make a difference. Challenge someone on your team to make funny videos about ethical scenarios, and get leaders to participate. At Airbnb, we created short (three- to five-minute) iPhone videos exploring scenarios such as a recruiter asking unethical interview questions, a team planning a wild holiday party, and an employee stealing bags of coffee to fuel a side business. Watching them is voluntary, but they are entertaining enough that a third to half of employees view them each month, and leaders and managers often suggest topics and ask to appear in them. If videos arent your style, try something that fits your culture. Make an integrity minute part of each company meeting, or (as we did at Chegg) hold a game-show-style test in which leaders have to answer tough questions about your code of ethics. Or create an Ethics Ambassador program like the ones at LOreal and Airbnb, in which volunteers from across the company are given special training and provide ethics advice to other employees.

Make a point of adding ethics as a dimension of your business decisions. In addition to asking What does it cost? and Whats our profit margin? ask about the impact of a products supply chain on the world, or how the product affects employee health or climate change. The key is to create an environment in which its seen as good to talk about ethics, a program designed to create an integrity environment through repetition, or what I call a constant drumbeat. Embrace an environment in which values are top of mind in words and deeds.

Integrity is a powerful double-edged sword for companies today. Lapses can spark employee rebellion, customer blowback, and government investigations. But handled correctly, integrity can be a superpower that inspires employees and resonates with todays values-minded consumers. And integrity is contagious. Create an environment in which it is openly embraced by leadership and woven into the fabric of your culture, and it will be a powerful asset.

Questions:

What is the most interesting part of this article?
Do you disagree with this article? why or why not?
Do you think being ethical will boost your career or will hinder your career? Explain your position 
link to the artical :

https://hbr.org/2020/07/how-to-build-a-company-that-actually-values-integrity

At the beginning of this course, you reviewed the following course outcomes.

Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to:

Define motivation cross-culturally.
Analyze motivation theories using a cross-cultural approach.
Analyze social relations and how they impact motivation.
Reflect on the management of motivation.
Self-assess his/her own strategies for motivation.
Apply coaching skills to encourage employee motivation.
To help you appreciate the connections between this course and your everyday life.

To improve your analytical and critical-thinking skills.

To improve your writing skills.

This final reflection paper is a summary of what you perceive has been the most important and/or applicable to your learning and development throughout the entire course. You will review the information gathered in your previous journals and then create a summary report.

A reflection paper needs to grab the interest of the reader and present ideas in a clear and concise manner. Ensure that the information you write about is relevant from this course experience. Use key phrases such as “for example,” or “another idea from my viewpoint,”, or “a different perspective is.”
Your paper should display evidence that you reflected on the issues presented throughout this course. Your opinions and ideas should be presented in a thoughtful and insightful way. You may add depth to your reflection paper by providing specific examples, analogies, quotes, comparisons, etc. in an organized way.
Your paper will also include information on how you have or will apply the knowledge you have gained from this course. Include a brief examination of the evolution of your ideas over these past six weeks.