The globalization of markets is at hand. With that, the multinational
commercial world nears its end, and so does the multinational
corporationThe multinational corporation operates in a number of countries,
and adjusts its products and processes in each, at high relative cost. The
global corporation operates with resolute constancy…it sells the same things in
the same way everywhere (Levitt, 1983).
With reference to relevant literature, critically evaluate Levitts view of global strategy

Assessment 6: Op-Ed (50% of final mark)
Students have to write an individual paper for this module. The paper should
have an extension of 1500 words (+/-10%).
The op-ed entry should show evidence of independent research and reading. A
minimum of 5-10 relevant academic references should be used and correctly
referenced in the paper, and sources used should go beyond the reading
provided in this Module Study Guide. Sources should be correctly cited in
consistency with Harvard referencing style.

Topic 6. Migration
1. What challenges does the movement of people pose for states and
societies?

3. How does migration affect people in different states and societies?

Home Office (2010). Protecng Our Border, Protecng the Public. The UK Border Agencys Five Year
Strategy for Enforcing our Immigraon Rules and Addressing Immigraon and Cross Border Crime
(London: Home Office). Available at:
hps://webarchive.naonalarchives.gov.uk/20100303205641/hp:/www.ukba.homeoffice.gov.uk/sit
econtent/documents/managingourborders/crime-strategy/protecng-border.pdf?view=Binary

you are asked to make a
judgement on the policy put forward by the UK government in 2010. Make sure you comment
crically on the document. Idenfy the purpose, the main points, and the polical movaons
behind the policy. Then evaluate them. Think about the arcles and chapters that you have read,
what are the results of this policy? What impact has it had? Was it a good policy? A bad one? Was it
well informed? Are there any unstated assumpons in the document? Are there any addional
purposes of the policy that are not explicitly stated?
We want to know your opinion, BUT, you must always back it up with academic sources. If you think
it was a great policy, why? Who else supports this? What research has shown the posive impact of
it? If you disagree with the policy, also, why? Have any academics provided evidence of a negave
impact of it in their research? Tell us about it.

Reading list:
Who Counts as a Migrant? Definitions and their Consequences
Webpage  by The Migration Observatory  2019  Essential
Globalization & crime
Book  by Katja Franko Aas  2013  Recommended
Read Chapter 4: ‘The Deviant Immigrant’: Migration and Discourse about Crime.
‘An Inspection into the extent to which the police are identifying and flagging arrested foreign nationals to the Home Office and checking their status
Document  by Independent Chief Inspector of Borders and Immigration  2016  Essential
Frontex Risk Analysis 2019
Webpage  by Frontex  2019  Recommended
Policing Humanitarian Borderlands: Frontex, Human Rights and the Precariousness of Life in British Journal of Criminology
Article  by Katja Franko Aas; Helene O. I. Gundhus  01/2015  Recommended

Enlisting the Public in the Policing of Immigration in British Journal of Criminology
Article  by Ana Aliverti  03/2015  Recommended
Hubs and Spokes: The Transformation of the British Prison in The borders of punishment: migration, citizenship, and social exclusion
Chapter  by Emma Kaufman  Essential

still no way out – Foreign national women and trafficked women in the criminal justice system
Document  by Prison Reform Trust  2018  Recommended
Read pages 5 through 13 as minimum

Immigration Detention in the UK
Webpage  by The Migration Observatory  Essential
Can Immigration Detention Centres be Legitimate? Understanding Confinement in a Global World in The borders of punishment: migration, citizenship, and social exclusion
Chapter  by Mary Bosworth  Recommended

Inside Immigration Detention
Book  by Mary Bosworth  2014; 881438158  Recommended
Google Books Logo
Introduction as minimum

Citizenship Deprivation, Security and Human Rights in European Journal of Migration and Law
Article  by Lucia Zedner  2016  Recommended
Interdiction and Indoctrination: The Counter-Terrorism and Security Act 2015 in The Modern Law Review
Article  by Jessie Blackbourn; Clive Walker  09/2016  Recommended

For this task, you need to choose an essay question from the list provided below and
complete a 1,800-word essay that puts forward an original argument around, and substantial
analysis of, the selected topic.(Do not go over the 1800 words) this doesn’t include the bibliography. 20 References minimum required

READING LIST: (MUST INCLUDE IN THE ESSAY)
Drugs, Crime and Social Exclusion in The British Journal of Criminology
Article  by Toby Seddon  2006  Essential
Drugs and crime
Book  by Philip Bean  2014  Recommended

Assessing the impact of a high-intensity partnership between the police and drug treatment service in addressing the offending of problematic drug users in Policing and Society
Article  by David Best; Deborah Walker; Elizabeth Aston; Charlotte Pegram; Geraldine O’Donnell  2010  Recommended
In search of respect: selling crack in El Barrio
Book  by Philippe I. Bourgois  2003  Recommended
The Changing Shape of Street-Level Heroin and Crack Supply in England: Commuting, Holidaying and Cuckooing Drug Dealers Across County Lines in The British Journal of Criminology
Article  by Ross Coomber; Leah Moyle  2018  Recommended

The normalisation of drug supply: The social supply of drugs as the other side of the history of normalisation in Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy
Article  by Ross Coomber; Leah Moyle; Nigel South  2016  Recommended
Key concepts in drugs and society
Book  by Ross Coomber; Karen McElrath; Fiona Measham; Karenza Moore  2013  Recommended
See chapter 20 (Drug related violence), chapter 21 (drugs and crime), chapter 33 (drug dealers), chapter 24 (drug markets: difference and diversity) and chapter 35 (drug trafficking)
Chasing the scream: the search for the truth about addiction
Book  by Johann Hari  2019  Recommended
See part 3 ‘Angels’
Drugs crime and criminal justice in Drugs: policy and politics
Chapter  by Rhidian Hughes; Nerys Anthony  Recommended

County lines violence, exploitation & drug supply 2017 – national briefing report
Document  by National Crime Agency  2017  Recommended
Assessing UK drug policy from a crime control perspective in Criminology & Criminal Justice
Article  by Peter Reuter; Alex Stevens  2008  Recommended
Drugs, alcohol, and crime in The Oxford handbook of criminology
Chapter  by Nigel South; Fiona Measham  RecommendedThats their brand, their business: how police officers are interpreting County Lines in Policing and Society
Article  by Jack Spicer  2019  Recommended
When two dark figures collide: Evidence and discourse on drug-related crime in Critical Social Policy
Article  by Alex Stevens  2007  Recommended

Drugs, crime and public health: the political economy of drug policy
Book  by Alex Stevens  2011  Recommended
See chapter 3 (Beyond the tripartite framework: the subterranean structuration of the drug-crime link) and chapter 4 (Telling policy stories: governmental use of evidence and policy on drugs and crime)

The Victimization of Dependent Drug Users in European Journal of Criminology
Article  by Alex Stevens; Daniele Berto; Ulrich Frick; Viktoria Kerschl; Tim McSweeney; Susanne Schaaf; Morena Tartari; Paul Turnbull; Barbara Trinkl; Ambros Uchtenhagen; Gabriele Waidner; Wolfgang Werdenich  2007  Recommended

From Social Supply to Real Dealing in Journal of Drug Issues
Article  by Matthew Taylor; Gary R. Potter  2013  Recommended
Narconomics: how to run a drug cartel
Book  by Tom Wainwright  2017  Recommended

The Financial Reporting Council 2016 has stated that public confidence in the integrity, objectivity and independence of the external auditor could suffer as a result any perception of undue influence, irrespective of whether there is any actual impairment.

Critically evaluate and discuss the importance of the concept of independence in the role of the external auditor. Use relevant examples where appropriate.

Taking into account the assumptions of the normalisation thesis and your own observations
of life at university and beyond, is illicit recreational drug use normal (mainstream) or deviant
(marginal) among young people in the United Kingdom today?  Question to answer
1200 words written text

– Pay close attention to the structure and flow of ideas in your plan; you need an
introduction stating your argument i.e. answer to the essay question, a main body
where you develop your analysis (identify relevant theories/concepts; discuss
examples and relevant facts to illustrate your points) and a conclusions paragraph to
summarise the key-findings in your analysis;
– Read widely around your chosen topics and read primarily academic literature the
essential and recommended reading lists in the module guide are a good starting
point for this;
– Focus on original arguments, ideas and examples that have not been necessarily
been covered in the lectures; aim to project deep comprehension and critical thinking
around the chosen question and topic, in your writing.
– You are in principle allowed to be roughly around 100 words above or under the word
limit but try to aim for precision.
– While there is no specific rule around the number of references you are expected to
use (you can write an excellent essay with 3-5 items in your bibliography and a poor
one with 50), a general orientative figure might be 10 citations/references used per
each 1,000 written words in an assignment.

Must be based on this reading:
The normalisation thesis 20 years later in Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy
Article  by Amy Eloise Pennay; Fiona Catherine Measham  2016 

These below would help a lot

Key concepts in drugs and society
Book  by Ross Coomber; Karen McElrath; Fiona Measham; Karenza Moore  2013 

Read chapter 1 (‘What is a drug/medicine?’), chapter 2 (‘Prevalence and trends in illicit drug use’) and chapter 3 (‘Why do people take drugs?’)

Drugs, intoxication, and society
Book  by Angus Bancroft  2009
Google Books Logo
See chapter 1, ‘Defining drugs in society’

European drug report: trends and developments
Document  by EMCDDA  2019 

Misuse of Drugs Act 1971
Legislation  Recommended

Drugs misuse: findings from the 2018/2019 Crime Survey from England and Wales
Document  by Home Office  2019  Recommended

The legacy of normalisation: The role of classical and contemporary criminological theory in understanding young people’s drug use in International Journal of Drug Policy
Article  by Fiona Measham; Michael Shiner  2009  Recommended

Drugs– without the hot air: minimising the harms of legal and illegal drugs
Book  by David J. Nutt  2012  Recommended

Illegal leisure: the normalization of adolescent recreational drug use
Book  by Howard J. Parker; Judith Aldridge; Fiona Measham  1998  Recommended
Google Books Logo

The Normalization of Sensible Recreational Drug Use in Sociology
Article  by Howard Parker; Lisa Williams; Judith Aldridge  2002  Recommended
Why we take drugs: seeking excess and communion in the modern world
Book  by Tom Yardley  2014  Recommended
See chapter 1 ‘Introduction’, Chapter 2 ‘Sacrificing the rational body; the transgressive economy of intoxication’ and Chapter 7 ‘Intoxication liminality and community formation’

Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs
Webpage

DrugWise
Website

European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction
Website

Drug misuse: findings from the 2018 to 2019 CSEW
Website

TalkingDrugs | Drug Information, Issues, Stories & News
Website

Transform Drug Policy Foundation
Website

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
Website

Volteface
Webpage

Pleasure, Freedom and Drugs in Sociology
Article  by Pat OMalley; Mariana Valverde  2004  Essential

Drugs, intoxication, and society
Book  by Angus Bancroft  2009  Recommended
Google Books Logo
See chapter 2, ‘Drugs and alcohol in historic perspective’

Unfair by Design: The War on Drugs Race, and the Legitimacy of the Criminal Justice System. in Social Research
Article  by Lawrence D Bobo; Victor Thompson  2006  Recommended

The war on drugs – a war on drug users? in Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy
Article  by Julian Buchanan; Lee Young  2000  Recommended

Drug policy under New Labour 1997-2010: Prolonging the war on drugs in Probation Journal
Article  by Julian Buchanan  2010  Recommended

Key concepts in drugs and society
Book  by Ross Coomber; Karen McElrath; Fiona Measham; Karenza Moore  2013  Recommended
See chapter 4, ‘Addiction’

    A description of risk governance and relevance of leadership, including the importance of having a clear definition of roles and accountabilities, in risk management;
    An identification and critical evaluation of the contributing factors to the organisations emergence risks, and how they can be addressed;
    Critical evaluation of the utilities of enterprise risk management using appropriate theories and models, and how the organisation can implement an enterprise risk management approach within its risk appetite;
    Critical evaluation of the organisations approach to HSE and employees wellbeing, and discuss how the organisation can adapt and build a resilient culture in achieving the strategic growth of the organisation;
    A summary plan of how the organisation can develop and embed the culture of risk in managing its day-to-day activities.

1:introduction
Introduce county lines: GOV UK  guidelines on what is county lines.
What is this dissertation about.
What is the purpose of my research?
what question I  Will seek to answer
1.How does the media portray people involved in county lines
2. How are these portrayals understood and experienced by people?
3. Investigate factors that influence people to do this crime
2:historical contexts
3.literature review

Use criminology theories that are linked to country lines.

This is an example: https://www.youthandpolicy.org/articles/county-lines-violence-drug-markets/

Example of a good dissertation: https://resources.library.leeds.ac.uk/final-chapter/dissertations/sociology/example1.pdf