According to the Budget and Accounting Act of 1921, the President must annually submit a budget to Congress by the first Monday in February. The proposed spending plan must show:

the condition of the treasury at the end of the last completed fiscal year;
the estimated condition of the treasury at the end of the current fiscal year; and
the estimated condition of the treasury at the end of the next fiscal year if the budget proposals are carried out.

The Presidents budget proposal is based on the budget requests of all Government agencies. Congress then reviews the Presidents budget and develops its budget in a multi-step process that includes the approval of a budget resolution. Go to the following website {http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/} to access the Budget of the U.S. Government, Fiscal Year 2021. Check out the various departments and budgets for the Fiscal Year 2021, which began October 1, 2020. Keeping in mind that the budget is usually approved during the prior spring, address the following questions:

What changes would you make to the budget? Are there any programs that you would enhance with an increase in expenditures? Are there any programs that you would enhance with a decrease in expenditures? Are there any programs that you would eliminate entirely? Why?
What ramifications would you need to consider in view of your answer to part a? If your suggestions increase the federal budget, from where would the funding come?

Notes:

You are NOT expected to read everything! There are a lot of summary chapters and tables. My suggestion is that you scroll through the list and click on a Department that interests you.
The budget proposal for Fiscal Year 2022, which begins October 1, 2021, would normally be available by now. Since it not yet available, please use the most recent budget. My intention is that you are aware of the proposed budget and become familiar with the contents for future reference.

Topic: How would the education sector change if governments were no longer involved?
Conclusion/main thesis: how would the quantity of education provided and quality change.

1. provide at least three economic models to explain(at least two graphs, and better with calculation)
potential options:
(i) externality, the relationship between social benefit and private benefit, spillover effect.
(ii) competition among schools and education providers(monopoly? monopolistic competition? segregation?)
(iii) How would people’s own choices change.

2. main sentence for each paragraph, and provide examples

3. At least 10 citation from different sources.

sample essay: https://www.johnlockeinstitute.com/2019-economics-essay-immigration

Income and Wealth Inequality:

Does Capitalism Work for Everyone?

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Purpose: Understanding the growing gap in income and wealth in the USA and other countries, its economic causes and effects.

Task:  Use assigned resources and find your own to answer questions about inequality, and prepare for discussion.

Criteria for success:  Follow directions, answer questions, and have a good discussion!

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Directions: Watch three (3) assigned videos (approx. 1/2 hour) and answer the following questions:

TED talk: How Inequality Harms Societies
Time Magazine: A Look and Income Inequality in the U.S.
Crash Course Economics: Income and Wealth Inequality
(3 points) According to the videos, what is happening to inequality in the USA? Why is this an economic concern? Explain. (1-2 paragraphs)
(3 points) According to the videos, what are some of the social costs of inequality in America and other societies? (1-2 paragraphs)
(3 points) Find another source (article, video, website, documentary, blog, etc.) that addresses inequality in the U.S. or around the world.
Write a few sentences telling what it was about and your opinion of it.
List some of the facts that you found. There should be solid facts or specific and thought-provoking ideas presented, or you should find a different source. These could be facts that confirm or challenge those presented in the assigned videos. You may include your opinion.  (1-2 paragraphs)
[Possible bonus: If this subject is of interest, it might provide an opportunity for extra credit (see syllabus). A list of approved videos is in Canvas/modules/extra credit opportunities.  The documentary “Inequality for All” is on the list, and highly recommended.]
(1 point) Include the title and citation for the source above, and why you think the source is reputable. List the organization/source by name if not obvious from the URLs alone.
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TED talk “How inequality harms societies”(Links to an external site)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qc7g6Uhi1i4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0xMCWr0O3Hs

This essay should answer “What are the channels through which the Internet could impact international trade?” and be two pages (not including the reference list). It ought to be written in plain English without any equations, symbols, or tables.
Use the APA citation style and check that all the papers cited are in the reference list, and all the documents listed are cited in the essay.

I just need an introduction to OPERATIONAL RISK  in islamic banks between Pakistan & Bangladesh. the introduction needs to be thorough and cover the areas of operational risk in islamic banking.

Since operational risk has a huge classification due to the nature of this risk, it’s easy to get lost. I would recommend sticking to a brief list like the Basel 2 or Basel 3 guidelines perhaps. Basel 2 has defined seven categories, so you can match the risks present in the Islamic Financial industry to these categories and shortlist them.

Internal Fraud misappropriation of assets, tax evasion, intentional mismarking of positions, bribery

External Fraud theft of information, hacking damage, third-party theft and forgery

Employment Practices and Workplace Safety discrimination, workers compensation, employee health and safety

Clients, Products, and Business Practice market manipulation, antitrust, improper trade, product defects, fiduciary breaches, account churning

Damage to Physical Assets natural disasters, terrorism, vandalism
Business Disruption and Systems Failures utility disruptions, software failures, hardware failures

Execution, Delivery, and Process Management data entry errors, accounting errors, failed mandatory reporting, negligent loss of client assets

^ you don’t need to cover all and just a brief summarisation with each points will do.

I will provide relevant reading links to PDF, journals on chat. Please do ensure to Harvard referenceeverything properly along with the Bibliography. thanks 

Assignment 2: Demand-side Policies and the Great Recession of 2008

Macroeconomic analysis deals with the crucial issue of government involvement in the operation of “free market economy.” The Keynesian model suggests that it is the responsibility of the government to help to stabilize the economy. Stabilization policies (demand-side and supply-side policies) are undertaken by the federal government to counteract business cycle fluctuations and prevent high rates of unemployment and inflation. Demand side policies are government attempts to alter aggregate demand (AD) through using fiscal (cutting taxes and increasing government spending) or monetary policy (reducing interest rates). To shift the AD to the right, the government has to increase the government spending (the G-component of AD) causing consumer expenditures (the C-component of AD) to increase. Alternatively the Federal Reserve could cut interest rates reducing the cost of borrowing thereby encouraging consumer spending and investment borrowing. Both policies will lead to an increase in AD.

Develop an essay discussing the fiscal and the monetary policies adopted and implemented by the federal during the Great Recession and their impacts on the U.S. economy.Complete this essay in a Microsoft Word document, and in APA format. Note your submission will automatically be submitted through “TurnItIn” for plagiarism review. Please note that a minimum of 700 words for your essay is required.

Your paper should be structured as follows
1. Cover page with a running head
2. Introduction: What is the economic meaning of a recession?
A brief discussion of fiscal policies
A brief discussion of monetary policies
3. Conclusions: Discuss the extent to which the use of demand side policies (fiscal policy and monetary policy) during the Great Recession of 2008 has been successful in restoring economic growth and reducing unemployment
4.6 References

“Write an essay (with introduction and conclusion) on the suggested topic.
Your introduction should include the thesis statement – main idea of the paper (here is more detailed explanation – https://essayshark.com/blog/how-to-write-a-thesis-statement-to-make-it-clear/). Don’t include any new information in the conclusion. It should  restate the thesis statement of the paper.
Support your ideas with relevant arguments and examples (in-text citations). List 2-3 sources in the references. Make sure you stick to a required formatting style. Get benefits of these sources citationmachine.net and easybib.com.
MLA format – https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/01/ https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/mla_style/mla_formatting_and_style_guide/mla_in_text_citations_the_basics.html”

Please read the following articles, which are attached:

Upper Middle Class Sees Big Gains, Research Finds by John Zumbrun, The Wall Street Journal, June 21, 2016
Struggling Americans Once Sought Greener Pastures Now Theyre Stuck by Janet Adamy and Paul Overberg, The Wall Street Journal, August 2, 2017
American Life is Improving for the Lowest Paid by Madison and Merrillville, The Economist, May 16, 2019

According to the first article, new research shows that the U.S. economic recovery in the aftermath of the 2008-09 financial crisis and recession is not solely confined to the top 1% of income earners. Several studies indicate how the upper middle class has now swelled to a quarter of the overall U.S. population, and that the largest income inequality is between this group and everyone else.

An increasing inequality in income is reinforced by the second article. Yet, a more recent article from journalists for The Economist suggests a reversal with an optimistic picture for lower wage workers in the United States.

Think about how the economic recovery of the past eight years has affected households differently, depending on income levels. I would like you to discuss reasons for this rising income inequality and consider policy actions to address income inequality, while pointing out practical considerations.

The following questions are intended to guide your thoughts as you participate in this weeks forum discussion. You are not expected to explicitly answer the questions.

Give two definitions of upper middle class households.
What has happened to the upper middle class since the 2008-09 financial crisis and subsequent recession, according to Stephen Rose of the Urban Institute? What are two possible reasons for this change?
Has U.S. income inequality has been growing or shrinking since 2009? What pieces of evidence support your claims? Between which two groups appear the biggest income divide now in this country?
What policy action could help to lower income equality in this country? What are the potential down sides of such an action on the overall economy?