Overview of Prompt 2:  After reading about a study conducted on concussed student-athletes, you think you’ve identified a possible problem in the setup of the concussion study. In order to confirm your intuition, you use two datasets available to you.  After exploring the data, and performing the appropriate statistical analysis using RStudio, you are asked to write a letter to the editor of the concussion study that clearly explains your statistical findings.

Background (Motivation): Recovery curve after concussion for student athletes

The (fictitious) Midwest Journal of Medicine recently published a study of the recovery curve after concussions for student athletes.  Student athletes complete a computer-based neurocognitive assessment when they first enter their university and are given a baseline concussion score.  If a student athlete becomes concussed, they are asked to perform the assessments again and again until their neurocognitive assessment score returns to their baseline score.

You believe that hand dominance may have an impact on the study results and observe that this wasnt controlled for in the original study.  To show the importance of controlling for hand dominance when performing computer-based evaluations, you decide to conduct your own study among undergraduate students at UM.

Your Study: Effects of hand dominance on various computer-based activities for undergraduate students at UM.

You have two different datasets available to you coming from a random sample of undergraduate students at UM.  Each student was asked to perform a series of two computer-based activities that measure reaction time (Links to an external site.) and memory (Links to an external site.).  Each student performed each activity twice; first using their dominant hand and again using their non dominant hand. You will be using these study results to evaluate if hand dominance has an effect on reaction time and memory when measured through these two computer based activities.

Below is a summary of the data collected for each activity:

It is attached below

Your Task

Write a 500 – 700 word letter to the editor of the concussion study published in the Midwest Journal of Medicine (according to these two guidelines, guideline 1 (Links to an external site.) and guideline 2 (Links to an external site.)).  Your letter to the editor should clearly explain your concern with the original concussion study, your experiments, and the findings from your experiments. Using your statistical findings comment on the impact of hand dominance on both reaction time and memory assessment.

Be sure to include the following:

The motivation for your letter.  Specifically, state the concern with the original concussion study.
An introduction to the outline of your experiment including:
The type of experimental design
The type and role for each of the experimental variables: hand used (dominant versus non-dominant) and completion time
Explain how we use dependent data when evaluating how hand dominance affects reaction time and memory assessment through the two computer based activities
Should randomness have been used in the hand dominance experimental design? If so, at what point? Refer to the screenshots  of the survey questions.
For one of the experiments (reaction time or memory assessment), perform a hypothesis test to assess whether there is a difference in completion time, on average, when undergraduate students at UM use their dominant vs. non-dominant hand, using a 5% significance level. Be sure to include:
Definition of the parameter of interest in context
Your hypotheses and results of your test.  You can include either a screenshot from R or a table of important values (test statistic, distribution, and p-value) calculated by hand.
An evaluation of the p-value and conclusion in context
Define alpha and power in context
Explain two ways in which you could increase the power of this test
For the other experiment, compute the 95% confidence interval to estimate the mean difference in completion time for all undergraduate students at UM when they use their dominant vs. non-dominant hand. Be sure to include:
Definition of the parameter of interest in context
Your confidence interval.
An explanation to the editor regarding whether or not the method for creating a confidence interval is reliable. This explanation shouldnt depend on your specific sample, but is for the method in general.
A clear explanation of how the confidence interval can be used to assess if hand dominance has an effect on completion time, on average, for all undergraduate students at UM 
An explanation to the editor about how you would make your interval more precise
A brief conclusion including:
A summary about whether there is a difference in performance, on average, when undergraduate students at UM use their dominant vs. non-dominant hands during reaction time and memory tests
Recommendations to the original concussion researchers about how they can adjust a similar future study on concussions.

The two data files are attached as well memory and reaction time.

The table data is attached as well

The format of the letter should follow these two guidelines from the two links

https://www.naeyc.org/our-work/public-policy-advocacy/letter-editor-template

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2050640620956921

Why we need to take sides: This is what i have so far, try and make it like this sort of, and remember its an argumentitve

The Importance of Taking Sides
Elie Wiesel once said, We must always take sides. Neutrality helps the oppressor, never the victim. Silence encourages the tormentor, never the tormented. This quote is still true today. There are many situations where you are faced with a choice, and becoming neutral, or to not choose one, helps the attacker more than the victim. While staying out of things may be better at your current time and place, choosing sides is key to survival.

For this short (4 page) reflection essay, you will do a primary source analysis of Mariano Azuelas The Underdogs.

For Sections 2 and 3, you may use one or two secondary sources for background information. Acceptable sources include course materials, peer-reviewed articles from JSTOR, and encyclopedia articles from the online Encyclopedia Britannica.

Section 4 must be ENTIRELY based on your reading of The Underdogs.

Format:

Use footnotes to cite your sources for the paper following Chicago Style footnoting (illustrated at the end of the syllabus and/or google how to do them). Use 12 pt. Times New Roman font, double-spaced, 1-inch margins.

While reading The Underdogs:

Consider the author Mariano Azuelas purpose and biases. Did the author have first-hand knowledge of the events? How did the author collect the information? Who was the audience? Which side appears in the most favorable light? What assumptions does the author make about attitudes and society? What aspects of daily life, government, or religion does the author mention in passing?

What to say in the analysis:

Your paper should be 4 full pages and include the following information:

1. Introduction. A single paragraph that introduces the topic for your paper.

2. Historical background of The Underdogs. What was happening at the time that the book was written? Be sure to indicate the source(s) of your information. Give priority to information that is likely to have a direct bearing on how you interpret the book. [about half a page]

3. Context for writing The Underdogs. Who wrote it? When? Why? What is it about? For whom did the author write? Did the author have a personal stake in how events turned out? [about half a page]

4. Usefulness of The Underdogs as a primary source. What can be learned from the source? Give examples of things which can (or cannot) be learned from the source. How are the author’s circumstances reflected in the source? Give specific examples of statements that are particularly biased or particularly even-handed. Does the author reveal anything about general societal attitudes (e.g. towards religion, politics, gender, class, family life)? Does the author offer insights into the specific historical events or personages? Does the author give information about things that are not the main topic of the source? Try to go beyond a consideration of the basic facts presented in the source to an analysis of larger insights into history which might be gained from the source. [this should be the bulk of your paper]

5. Conclusion. What is your overall assessment of the source? Is this a reliable source? What are its strongest and weakest points?

please answer all the questions below after reading the article

1. This question refers to the Clerkin & Smith (2019) paper we discussed in class. Refer to this article in your answer.

What are some strengths of the research:

A. Define one type of research validity and/or reliability, Explain how the method used in Clerkin & Smith (2019) paper is reliable/valid, according to your definition.

B.  Define a second type of research validity/reliability OR ethical consideration. Explain how the method used in Clerkin & Smith (2019) is reliable/valid/ethical, according to your definition.

2. Clerkin & Smith found the infant’s visual world is cluttered with ~9 objects per frame, a few words and FOV objects are frequent and naming visually frequent objects is rare, but because the objects are frequent its likely that they will be in the FOV when named.

A. What are the implications of this research; why is it important?

B. Who would benefit from knowing about the research/implications; how would they benefit from this information?

3. Clerkin and Smith used infant-perspective head-mounted cameras to record infants’ natural, daily experiences. What other method could have been used to test their research question? How might this other method change the pattern of results?

A. Instructions
Choose a topic that enables you to tell a short, interesting personal story. Your story can be funny, suspenseful, meaningful, or exciting, but it must focus on one event. For example, if you decide to write about traveling to Denmark, you should not write about the entire trip. Choose one event for example, an afternoon you spent bicycling on an island, or your first taste of smoked herring, or visiting the childhood home of Hans Christian Anderson and tell a detailed story that focuses on that event.

In order to foster learning and growth, all essays you submit must be newly written specifically for this course. Any recycled work will be sent back with a 0, and you will be given one attempt to redo the touchstone.
Following are some ideas that can help you to select a topic for your story:

Firsts Think of a “first” in your life and describe that moment in detail.
Proud Moment Choose a moment when you felt proud about an accomplishment.
Adversity Describe a time when you had to think or act quickly to overcome a challenge.
Traveling Recall a memorable experience you had while traveling.

B. Think About Your Writing
Below your completed narrative, include answers to all of the following reflection questions:

1. Which narrative techniques did you use to bring your story to life? (2-3 sentences) Sophia says: Did you use vivid description, sensory details, and/or dialogue to engage readers? Provide two examples from your essay in which you show readers rather than tell them. EXAMPLE: A sentence such as “I glanced at the clock, grabbed my briefcase, and sprinted for the elevator” uses more descriptive language than simply saying “I was running late for the meeting.”

2. How did your purpose and audience shape the way in which you wrote your narrative? (3-4 sentences) Sophia says: Your hypothetical audience extends beyond the people who will evaluate your narrative. Which individuals or groups were you addressing when you wrote your narrative, and how did consideration of your audience and your purpose influence the way in which you wrote it?

3. Provide a concrete example from your narrative that shows how you have written specifically for this audience and purpose. (3-5 sentences) Sophia says: Consider including a quotation from your essay and explaining how it was written to appeal to your audience, and to accomplish your purpose. Alternatively, you might describe a theme, tone, or narrative technique that you used and explain how it was intended to appeal to your audience, and to achieve your purpose.

C. Uploaded

D. Scoring
Your composition and reflection will be scored according to the Touchstone 1 Rubric, which evaluates the narrative focus, narrative flow, narrative structure, narrative language and techniques, use of conventions (grammar, punctuation, etc.), and your answers to the Think About your Writing questions above.

Requirements
Your narrative must be 500 to 800 words (approximately 2-3 pages) in length.
Narrative Guidelines and Topic Selection Guidelines must be followed or your submission will not be graded.
Double-space the essay and use one-inch margins.
Use an easily-readable 12-point font.
All writing must be appropriate for an academic context.
Your narrative must be original, and written for this assignment.
Plagiarism of any kind is strictly prohibited.
Your submission must include your name, the name of the course, the date, and the title of your composition.
Your submission must include both your narrative and your answers to the “Think About Your Writing” questions.
Submit only a single file that contains all of the assignment components.
Acceptable file formats are .doc and .docx.

Instructions

Most would agree that parenting is a lifelong job. The parents obligations begin once the baby is conceived and seemingly never end, even after his or her child becomes an adult.
Suppose that you are the parent in each of the following scenarios. Based on what you have learned from this units materials, answer the following questions for each scenario by explaining how you would effectively handle each situation.

Note: While it is understood different people and even entire cultures have different parenting styles, your answers should be based on the research and theories presented in this unit.
Describe the stage of cognitive development of the child in each scenario.
Explain how you would address the child and the situation. Will you use punishment in any of the situations? What tactics would be the most useful considering your childs level of cognitive development?

Scenario 1: Jimmy screams when the batteries die on his Avengers motorcycle. Previously, his mother had been able to put the motorcycle away and have Jimmy immediately engage in playing with something else. However, she has noticed that he is not doing that this time. He continues to scream even though the motorcycle has been put in a drawer. As his parent, how would you respond?

Scenario 2: An 8-year-old boy and his 10-year-old brother are told to share three cans of soda pop. The 8-year-old becomes angry when his 10-year-old brother takes two of the cans and gives the 8-year-old only one can. The 10-year-old grabs two glasses and pours one soda into the two glasses and gives it to the 8-year-old. Everything is fine now as they both have two soda pop drinks. How do you address each child?

Scenario 3: Your 21-year-old daughter comes home from college and excitedly shares that she is quitting school to invest more time in her social media career. In fact, she reveals that she will be quitting school, despite only having 1 year left to complete her bachelors degree. (She does not see the need for her degree any longer, as her Instagram followers have increased exponentially since she has begun doing some of the popular Tik Tok challenges.) She has decided to throw away her former career plans and become a full-time social media influencer. Now, her life is all set! (What is your reaction?)

Your combined answers for each scenario must be at least 150 words, for a minimum of 450 words for the entire assignment (not including the title and reference pages).

Your answers should include an insightful and thorough analysis and present a strong argument with evidence. You must use at least one source to support your analysis. This may be your textbook or another scholarly source. All sources used will be properly cited. Your case study, including all references, will be formatted in APA style.

RN Leadership

Article Review Assignment

Directions:

Read several professional journal articles on the medical crisis termed Failure to Rescue. The articles publishing dates must be from 2015-2020. Ensure that the articles you are reading are not just the abstract, but the full paper. You will use, cite, and reference a minimum of 2 sources for your paper. After reading the articles, write an essay that is two to three pages in length. The three pages will include your review of the article and answers to the questions below. The essay should be typed and double-spaced. The essay must be a Word document and follow APA format. You will need to include an abstract page for this paper. The essay is to be ran through Safe Assign on blackboard with no higher than 30% for plagiarism. (Select Blackboard help down the left column. Type in submitting paper through Safe Assign and instructions will come up. Choose Safe Assign for students.) 

Your review will include the following:
Abstract page
Summary of the main points of the article
Accurate paraphrase of the article without plagiarizing the author
Answer the following questions:
Discussion of what you learned from the article.
Discussion on specific changes you will make to your nursing practice on a daily basis to prevent a Failure to Rescue injury to the clients under your care.
Citation of the articles in APA format
Reference page with links to articles per APA format

Cutaneous glands-5 types, location, functions    325 word count minimum
please create two parts to the essay. first part research. second part critical thinking.
Appropriate scientific college-level sources containing APA formatted references and in-text citations.

For the research section:
The explanation / background of the topic- Teach the topic to students. Break it down.  Include the Structure and Function relationship in the body Important. Interesting and current research on the topic.
* Examples to clarify and teach.

for Critical thinking part :
* Tips and Tricks for Remembering and Recalling. Is there a mnemonic device that might help you memorize this information or what helps you understand this?
*  Connect the dots  Use critical thinking. Why is this an important topic?  How does it relate to other concepts in the text? Use your own words and thoughts here.

this is the essay topic:

A suspected terrorist is arrested in connection with an imminent terror threat.  A bomb has been discovered at a local shopping center.  The timer shows that the bomb will detonate in 2 hours.  The man in custody is believed to be the bomb maker and the only person who knows how to disable/detonate the bomb.  You and your partner are police officers assigned to this case.  You both have been brought in to interrogate the suspect.  An hour passes, and you havent made any progress.  Your partner unplugs all of the recording equipment and asks you to leave the room.  Twenty minutes later the officer exits the room with the code to deactivate the bomb.  You look inside the room to find the suspect unconscious and his face covered in blood.  Your partner asks you to back up his story that the suspect became aggressive during the interrogation and that he was simply defending himself.  There is no tape to challenge your version of the events.  It would be the terrorists word against yours.  With the deativation code received, the bomb was deactivated potentially saving thousands of lives. 
QUESTIONS: Would you follow your partners instructions?  Why or why not?  Is the use of police interrogation torture ever justified for a greater good?  You should present both sides to this argument and then indicate what you ultimately believe.  Be sure to include in your answer the ethical and legal consequences of your decision.

Book Report Poverty

Kathryn Edin & Maria Kefalas (October 2011) Promises I Can Keep:  Why Poor Women Put Motherhood before Marriage.  University of California Press.

Grade Points: 150 points

Due Dates: posted in D2L calendar 

Written Report Due: see D2L for due date and late penalties

Formatting:  This assignment should be three pages and must be typewritten, double-spaced, 12-point font, and 1 inch margins.  The paper may not exceed four pages.

Letter to the author:
The paper must take the form of a letter to the author about this book.  In the letter, discuss
your response to the book, addressing the following issues:

Research question: What question do you think the authors were trying to answer in this book?  Do you agree with her that it is an interesting/important question?

Methodology: Do you think her methodology is appropriate for her research questions, or do you think there are some limitations?

Conclusions: Do you think her conclusions are valid given the evidence she presents?  Do you think her conclusions are important?  Why or why not?

Finally, discuss the impact the book had on you personally.  Prior to reading this book, what was your experience with the welfare system and recipients?  Be specific about how familiar/unfamiliar you were with it, and where your ideas about it came from.  Did the book change or confirm how you thought about the welfare recipients?  Be specific about how it changed or confirmed your ideas.

IMPORTANT: Your paper must reflect an in-depth understanding of the book.  Be sure to make sure your letter draws from specific points made in the book.  To be more blunt, make sure I am not left wondering at the end whether you have read and understood the book! You do not need a bibliography, and you do not have room to quote extensively in this paper. You should not quote more than one or two sentences in the whole paper.  If you include a quotation, be sure to indicate the page number of the quotation in parentheses after the quotation. I will NOT accept papers with quotations that are not cited!

Adapted from:  Clifford, Elizabeth. 2010. “Reflection on Kitchens: The Culture of Restaurant Work by Gary Alan Fine.” Assignment published in TRAILS: Teaching Resources and Innovations Library for Sociology. Originally published 2005 in The Sociology of Food, edited by D. A. Copelton. Washington DC:  American Sociological Association. (http://trails.asanet.org).